大都市乡村公共服务可达性评价及空间治理启示——以上海市青浦区203个村居单元为例

Accessibility of public services in metropolitan suburb and its governance policy:a case study of 203 evaluation units in Qingpu, Shanghai

开展大都市乡村公共服务可达性评价,据此提出大都市乡村空间治理建议。采用2SFCA方法评价基础教育、基本医疗和养老等单项服务设施的空间可达性,建立大都市乡村公共服务综合可达性评估等级划分方法,并以上海市青浦区203个村居为案例。研究结果表明:综合可达性高的村居有61个,主要分布在青东地区的赵巷等镇,少数分布在青西地区的朱家角镇,占所有村居的30.05%,总人口的50.27%;综合可达性低的村居有78个,主要分布在青西的金泽等镇,占所有村居的38.42%,总人口的18.02%;综合可达性中的村居有64个,主要分布在练塘等镇,占所有村庄的31.53%,总人口的31.71%。据此不建议公共服务最紧缺区作为优先供给区,而应当进一步考虑是否规划为乡村人口集中的迁并村并实施整体空间治理;仿效上海市建成区“15分钟”生活圈,大都市乡村“30分钟”基本公共服务圈可作为规划目标。

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the rural public services in a metropolitan suburb and to put forward suggestions for urban rural space governance.Research methods include the two-step floating catchment area(2SFCA)method was used to evaluate the spatial accessibility of education,health care,and old-age care;furthermore,a comprehensive accessibility evaluation model was established.203 villages in the Shanghai Qingpu District were taken as examples.The results show that there are 61 villages with high comprehensive accessibility mainly in Zhaoxiang and other towns in the Qingdong area.Several are located in the Zhujiajiao town of the Qingxi area,accounting for 30.05%of all the villages and 50.27%of the total population.There are 78 villages with low comprehensive accessibility,mainly located in towns such as Jinze in Qingxi,accounting for 38.42%of all villages and 18.02%of the total population.There are 64 villages in the comprehensive accessibility,mainly in towns such as Liantang,accounting for 31.53%of all villages and 31.71%of the total population.To promote the implementation of the Rural Revitalization,it is suggested that the population concentration policy in a suburb(rural residential regulation)and the effective supply of rural public service be considered as a whole.The basic public service circle of“30 minutes”in the metropolis countryside should also be planned.