上海地区地面塌陷风险评价及其隐患防控研究

Study on risk assessment and hidden danger prevention and control of ground collapse in Shanghai

上海脆弱的地质环境条件下,地下管线的密集分布、地下空间的大规模开发等给城市地质安全带来了严峻的挑战。本文从浅部砂层分布区多发的地面塌陷灾害入手,系统进行了灾害的典型特征和影响要素调查,开展了地面塌陷灾害风险评价和隐患监测预警等防控研究。对涉及的工程地质和水文地质、地下管线和地下空间、气象水文、基础地理信息、人为工程活动和人为抵御风险能力等指标数据,从危险性和易损性两个方面构建风险评价指标体系,以ArcGIS程序为平台,形成上海市地面塌陷灾害风险等级区划。对地面塌陷影响要素如地质条件、地下设施等深入调查,建立基础数据体系和风险区划的完善和细化,在此基础上综合运用探地雷达、三维激光扫描、自动化监测等多种手段,对地下设施、地下空洞、土体位移、地下水位等不同对象的异常进行调查监测,实现地面塌陷灾害有效预警。相关研究成果在服务于城市精细化管理和城市安全运行方面有重要意义,推动了上海地面塌陷灾害防控逐步向整体性、长期性、系统性方向转变。

Under the fragile geological environment conditions in Shanghai,intensively distributed underground pipelines and large-scale development of underground space have brought severe challenges to urban geological safety.This paper starts with the“shallow sand layer”distribution area,where surface collapse disasters occur frequently,systematically investigates the typical characteristics and influencing factors of the disaster,then researches the risk assessment of continual collapse disasters and monitoring of the early warning of hidden dangers.Firstly,the indicator system for risk assessment needs to be constructed.The relative index data are classified as two aspects of fatalness and vulnerability,including geological and hydrogeological engineering,underground pipelines and underground space,meteorological hydrology,basic geographic information,human engineering activities,and human risk resistance capabilities.This was carried out to form hierarchical zoning of the risk for land collapse disasters in Shanghai by using the ArcGIS program as a platform.Secondly,the prevention and control of urban land subsidence disasters is a multi-source and multi-dimensional endeavor.It is necessary to conduct in-depth investigations on the affecting factors and establish a basic data system,including geological conditions and underground facilities,etc.Further improving and refining risk zoning is a prerequisite for the effective prevention and control of urban ground collapse disasters;comprehensive application with geological radar,three-dimensional laser scanning,automatic monitoring,and other investigation methods are performed on this bases.Through multi-stage work such as census,detailed investigation,and monitoring,it is possible to investigate and monitor the abnormal hidden dangers of different objects,for instance,underground facilities,underground cavities,soil displacement,groundwater level,etc.Furthermore,it helps achieve the early warning of ground collapse disasters effectively.Relevant research results have great significance on urban refined management and safe operations,which will promote the prevention and control of ground subsidence disasters in Shanghai,gradually changing to a holistic,long-term,and systematic direction.