王夫之礼学中的体用思想及其发明

The Physiological Thought and Its Invention in Wang Fu-zhi’s Etiquette

《汉书·艺文志》言"礼以明体",《庄子·天下篇》言"礼以道行",可以说礼学体用并重,然而却少有人论述礼学之体。王夫之重点阐述了礼学中的体用观,以及礼治义理思想,以反心学玄想空虚之弊,以严夷夏、人禽、君子小人之别。王夫之不仅借体用思想论证客观世界,阐明主客、理气、道器、知行关系,反对佛老申韩之辩,而且他还以体用观点对礼学思想进行阐述,强调了明体达用、重实黜虚的观点,反映了明清之际注重实践的研究趋势。不同于此后清代的许、郑后学,且郑玄学问以礼为本,王夫之以礼解易,虽然同是对经典的注解,但是二者思路并不相同。

Yiwenzhi says"courtesy should be in clear style"and Tiantianpian says"courtesy should be in line with morality".It can be said that both etiquette and style should be emphasized,but few people discuss the style of etiquette.Wang Fu-zhi mainly elaborated the concept of body function and the thought of righteousness and principle of rule of rites in order to oppose the shortcomings of emptiness and to distinguish Yanyixia,human and fowl,gentleman and villain.He not only demonstrates the objective world by means of body and thought,clarifies the relationship between subject and object,Qi,Taoist instrument and knowledge and action,but also opposes the debate between Buddha and Lao Shenhan.Moreover,he elaborated the thought of ritual from the perspective of body and function,emphasizing the viewpoint of using body and substance and removing emptiness,reflecting the research trend of emphasizing practice during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Unlike Xu and Zheng Hou-xue in the Qing Dynasty,Zheng Xuan’s learning was based on etiquette.He interpreted Yi with etiquette.Although they were the same annotations to classics,they had different ideas.