嵌入—融合—互嵌：我国社区居家养老发展路径——“机构养老社区化”+“社区养老机构化”

Embeddedness-Integration-Mutual Embeddedness:Development Path of Community Home-based Elderly Care in China——Communization of Institutional Elderly Care and Institutionalization of Community-based Elderly Care

社区居家养老能整合社会资源、实现老年人的在地化养老,但在实践中仍存在一些问题和障碍,需要因地制宜地探索健全的居家养老服务体系及有效运行的机制。本文基于马克·格兰诺维特的社会嵌入性解释框架,探讨养老机构与社区的结构与关系的嵌入:通过植入-嵌入-融入路径,使养老机构实现社区在地化服务;通过延伸-辐射-互动路径,使社区养老实现以机构为载体的多类型服务,最终实现社区居家养老的"嵌入-融合-互嵌"发展:多措并举,推动建设社区嵌入式养老机构;秉持"在地安老+综合照料"理念,整合服务内容;养老机构"打开门"、"请进来"、"走出去",实现机构与社区的可持续互动,开展居家养老服务,最终实现"机构养老社区化"与"社区养老机构化"的发展模式。

Community home-based care for elderly can integrate social resources and realize local care for the senior,but there are still some problems and obstacles in practice so that it is necessary to explore a sound home-based service system and effective operation mechanism on the basis of local conditions.In the light of Mark Granovetter’s Embeddedness Theory,the embeddedness of structure and relationship between communities and institutions for elderly care has been analyzed here:institutional elderly care can realize community service by removement-embeddedness-integration,and community-based elderly care can provide various services with the support of institutions through extension-radiation-interaction to promote the development of embeddedness-integration-mutual embeddedness;multiple measures including expanding equipment supply is helpful for the establishment of pension institutions;holding the idea of local care and comprehensive care,multiple subjects and service integration can benefit cooperation of institutions and communities;elderly nursing institutions should open more,welcome more and try more in order to keep consistent interaction with communities in home-based elderly services.A strategy like this is believed to make the development of both communization of institutional elderly care and institutionalization of community-based elderly care possible in the near future.