2012-2016年梧州市围产儿出生缺陷监测结果分析

Analysis of birth defects surveillance results of perinatal infants in Wuzhou city between 2012 and 2016

目的通过分析出生缺陷医院监测资料,了解其发生率及相关因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法对2012-2016年梧州市出生的201 135例围生儿的出生资料进行分析,观察围产儿出生缺陷的构成及人口学特征,找出相关影响因素。结果 2012-2016年围产儿出生缺陷共2790例,平均发生率13. 87‰,其发生率分别为15. 83‰、15. 19‰、14. 44‰、14. 79‰、9. 24‰,发生率总体呈下降趋势。发生前十位的出生缺陷类型为多指(2. 27‰)、马蹄内翻(1. 67‰)、先天性心脏病(1. 39‰)、唇裂合并腭裂(0. 97‰)、胎儿水肿综合征(0. 89‰)、外耳其他畸形(0. 60‰)、并指(趾)(0. 57‰)、唇裂(0. 43‰)、尿道下裂(0. 42‰)、直肠肛门闭锁或狭窄(0. 39‰);超过35岁出生缺陷发生率明显高于其他年龄组,25~29岁年龄组最低,城镇高于农村。结论通过出生缺陷三级防控,加强优生优育宣教、提高婚前保健、孕前优生检查质量,加强孕期产前筛查及产前诊断工作,及早明确诊断,及时干预,可有效降低出生缺陷发生率,提高出生人口素质。

Objective Understand the incidence of birth defects and related factors,and provide the basis formulation of intervention by analyzing the monitoring data of birth defects from hospitals. Methods The birth data of 201135 perinatal infants born in Wuzhou between 2012 and 2016 was analyzed. The constitution and demographic characteristics of perinatal birth defects were observed,and the related influencing factors were found. Results There were 2790 cases of perinatal birth defects in 2012-2016,the average incidence was 13. 87‰. The incidence rate was 15. 83‰,15. 19‰,14. 44‰,14. 79‰,9. 24‰ for each year. The incidence rate dropped every year. The top ten types of birth defects with major birth defects are multi-fingered(2. 27‰),horseshoe(1. 67‰),congenital heart disease(1. 39‰),0. 97‰ of cleft lip and cleft palate,0. 89‰of fetal edema syndrome,0. 60‰ of the other deformities of the outer ear and 0. 57‰ of the fingers(toes). Cleft lip 0. 43‰,hypospadias 0. 42‰,anorectal atresia or stricture 0. 39‰. The incidence of birth defects of 35-year-old or elder was significantly higher than that of other age groups,followed by 30-year-olds and women under 20-year-olds. The lowest in the 25 to 29 year-old group. Also it’s higher in the urban areas than in the rural areas. Conclusion With the three-level prevention and control of birth defects,we should strengthen the direct education of eugenics,improve the quality of pre-marital health care and prenatal examination, strengthen prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis,make the diagnosis as soon as possible,andintervene in time. It can effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects and improve the quality of the birth population.