可达性视角下中国高铁线路空间效率与供需关系研究

China’s High-speed Rail Network Space Efficiency and Study on the Relationship Between the Supply and Demand in Perspective of Accessibility

透过可达性视角解析我国高铁线路空间效率和供需关系。首先,以我国2008~2017年高铁线路为对象,根据日常可达性(DA)增量描述高铁线路可达性空间演变特征。其次,通过人口加权可达性(PWA)增量刻画我国高铁线路空间效率和高铁线路供给水平的空间特征。第三,以高铁客运班次数表示高铁需求程度,通过因子叠加法与多元回归方程探讨高铁可达性的供需关系。结果显示:(1)在PWA增量及其效率中,干线高,延伸线低,东中部地区线路高,全国高铁网络外围和末端线路低,PWA增量及其效率自东向西整体递减,高铁线路PWA空间效率呈现出"树状结构"、"核心-外围结构"和区域梯度差异,2012年以后高铁PWA增量及其效率出现逐年递减趋势。(2)高需求线路主要是东中部地区高铁干线,低需求线路主要为中西部地区高铁干线和延伸线。(3)高铁线路供需匹配程度高。"双高型"线路为少数高铁主干线,"双低型"线路数量比重高,包括西部地区高铁线路、高铁延伸线以及网络末梢线路。(4)城市PWA增量是高铁客运量高低的关键因素,能够用来预测规划高铁城市客运规模。

The paper analyzed the China’s high-speed rail network space efficiency and study on the relationship between the supply and demand in perspective of accessibility. Firstly we utilized the daily accessibility(DA) and person-weighted accessibility(PWA) indictor to measure the accessibility increment from the high speed rail(HSR). Then combined with mileage data of the main HSR network, we described the spatial pattern and evolvement characteristics of China’s high-speed rail line efficiency. Secondly we explored the spatial difference of the supply level of high-speed rail network through PWA index. Thirdly the relationship between the supply and demand for HSR accessibility by using the factor overlay and regression methodology was described. The result showed that in PWA increment and its efficiency, the main HSR line’s was high, the feeder’s was low, the lines in central area was high and the lines’ in periphery and at the end of the HSR network was low. The overall PWA increment and efficiency diminishes from east to west. HSR network PWA space efficiency presents the tree structure, core-periphery structure and regional gradient differences. PWA increment and its efficiency decreases year by year.(2) High demand lines mainly existed in central area, low demand lines in the Midwest.(3) HSR network supply-demand matching degree was high. Double-high type lines were the backbone, Double-low type lines included lines in the west of China regional and network peripheral circuit.(4) City PWA increment was key driving factor of HSR passenger Numbers, which can be used to predict the passenger scale of the city along the planning HSR line.