典型旅游城市生境质量空间分异及其影响机理研究——以黄山市为例

Spatial Differentiation of Habitat Quality in Typical Tourist City and their Influencing Factors Mechanisms: A Case Study of Huangshan City

以典型旅游城市黄山市为研究对象,利用遥感影像分类解译、气象、统计年鉴、百度地图等多源数据,综合生态系统服务价值评价模型、基于NPP与NDVI的生境质量指数评价、InVEST生境质量评价模型、地理探测器等模型与方法,对黄山市2017年生境质量进行了评价,定量识别了黄山市生境质量空间分布特征及影响其空间分异的主导因素。结果表明:(1)黄山市2017年综合生境质量总值为1.84×1010元,平均生境质量值为18 627元/hm2,在空间上表现出西部优于东部、北部优于南部的分布特征。(2)县域尺度上祁门县生境质量最优,屯溪区生境质量最差,乡镇(街道)尺度上环太平湖的龙门乡生境质量均值最高,昱中街道最低。(3)地形是影响生境质量空间分布的重要基础因素,海拔、地势起伏度、坡度、坡度极差对生境质量空间分异的解释力均在0.6以上,其中坡度比海拔影响力更大。(4)旅游活动是黄山市生境质量空间分异的重要外在动力,旅游区生境质量较其他区域与海拔等因素的相关性更高。高等级旅游资源聚集且交通便利、地势平坦区域发展为规模大的旅游接待、集散中心,成为生境质量低值区;高品质旅游资源聚集,但受限于区位、地形与资源保护,成为生境质量中值区;旅游资源分散区,未形成集聚效应,且交通不便,原始生境保持较好,成为生境优质区。空间理论可以用来解释生境质量空间分异形成机理。

The spatial distribution characteristics of habitat quality in Huangshan city, a typical tourist city, and their influencing factors mechanisms were analyzed in this paper by using remote sensing image classification and interpretation data, meteorological data, statistical yearbook data, Baidu map data and other multi-source data in 2017, comprehensive models of ecosystem service value, Habitat quality index consisting of NPP and NDVI, InVEST habitat quality assessment model based on external threats and geo-detector. The results show that:(1) The total value of habitat quality in Huangshan City in 2017 was 1.84×1010 yuan, and the average value of habitat quality was 14694 yuan/hm2. The habitat quality in the west and north of Huangshan city was overall higher than that in the east and south.(2) The habitat quality of Qimen County was the best in Huangshan city, while the Tunxi District was the worst. The average value of habitat quality in Longmen Township adjacent to Taiping Lake was the highest in all towns in Huangshan, and the lowest was Yuzhong Street.(3) Topography was an important basic factor affecting the spatial distribution of habitat quality. The interpretation of altitude, terrain fluctuation, slope and slope difference on spatial differentiation of habitat quality were all above 0.6, and the slope had more influence on habitat quality than altitude.(4) Tourism activity was an important external driving force for the spatial differentiation of habitat quality in huangshan city, and the correlation between habitat quality and potential determinants was higher in tourist areas than in other areas. The area with High-level tourism resources gather, convenient traffic, and flat terrain, as a large tourist reception and distribution center, became a low-value area of habitat quality. The area with high-quality tourism resources gather, but limited by traffic, location, terrain and resource protection, became a medium quality habitat area. While the area where tourism resources were scattered, and the transportation was inconvenient, the quality of habitat was less affected by human, became a high quality habitat area. And space theory can be used to explain the spatial differentiation mechanism of habitat quality.