学习困难儿童不同工作记忆负荷下的注意瞬脱

Attentional blink of children with learning disabilities under different working memory loads

目的:探究学习困难儿童是否存在注意瞬脱现象,以及在高、低工作记忆负荷条件下的注意瞬脱表现。方法:选取8~12岁智力正常,有学习动机且三门主科成绩的总标准分位于后20%的32例儿童作为学习困难组,选取三门主科成绩的总标准分高于20%的32例儿童作为对照组。运用RSVP任务考察学习困难儿童的注意瞬脱现象。结果:在高工作记忆负荷下学习困难儿童的注意瞬脱效应低于对照组[(86.8±5.7)%vs.(90.3±4.4)%,P<0.01];学习困难儿童在高工作记忆负荷下正确率小于低工作记忆负荷条件[(86.8±5.7)%vs.(91.3±6.7)%,P<0.001]。结论:学习困难儿童短时期的选择性注意力可能存在缺陷,且在高工作记忆负荷下对目标的选择性注意力下降。

Objective:To explore whether children with learning disabilities have noticed phenomenon of attentional blink,and their attention-taking performance under high and low working memory load conditions.Methods:Thirty-two children aged 8-12 years with normal intelligence,learning motivation and total standard scores of three major subjects were in the last 20% were selected as the learning disability group.Thirty-two normal children with a total score of more than 20% of three main subjects were selected as the normal control group.RSVP task was used to investigate attentional blink in children with learning disabilities.Results:The attentional blinking effect of children with learning disability under high working memory load is lower than that of the control group[(86.8±5.7)% vs.(90.3±4.4)%,P<0.01].The correct rate of children with learning disabilities was lower under high working memory load condition than under low working memory load condition [(86.8±5.7)%vs.(91.3±6.7)%,P<0.001].Conclusion:The selective attention of children with learning disabilities in a short period of time may be flawed,and the selective attention to the target is reduced under high working memory load.