竹炭与有机肥混施对火龙果产量和品质影响及其改土作用

Effect of Mixed Application of Bamboo Charcoal and Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Red Pitaya and Soil Amelioration

以元谋红心火龙果地为研究对象,设置3个水平有机肥施肥量,分别为低(22.5 t·hm^-2,L)、中(45 t·hm^-2,M)、高(90 t·hm^-2,H),有机肥中竹炭添加量分别为0%(Y0)、3%(Y3)、6%(Y6),采用完全随机组合设计,分析竹炭与有机肥混施对红心火龙果地土壤性质及其产量和品质的影响,以期为生物炭和有机肥的混施在元谋地区农业生产和红心火龙果高效生产中的应用提供参考依据。结果表明,竹炭与有机肥混施后0-20 cm土壤中养分含量比单施有机肥显著提高;竹炭与有机肥混施提高了土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性,降低了脲酶活性;土壤性质与酶活性之间存在显著或极显著正相关关系。单施高量有机肥量比低量有机肥量红心火龙果增产24.98%;竹炭与有机肥混施显著增加了红心火龙果总产量,与Y6H处理相比,Y6M、Y6L处理分别增产9.94%、29.82%,且混施增加了红心火龙果中维生素C和花青素含量,而对可溶性蛋白含量影响不显著。在本试验条件下,22.5 t·hm^-2或45 t·hm^-2的有机肥用量下添加3%或6%的竹炭,0-20 cm土壤养分含量最高,增产效果最好,且火龙果品质更佳。因此,需要继续探究施用有机肥用量为22.5-45 t·hm^-2与添加3%-6%竹炭的最佳配比,达到既能改良土壤,降低施肥成本,又能提高产量和品质的目的。

Field experiments were conducted in Yuanmou area of Yunnan Province where red pitaya was planted as the tested crops.The application rates of organic fertilizer included three levels:low(22.5 t·hm^-2,L),medium(45 t·hm^-2,M),high(90 t·hm^-2,H);the proportion of bamboo charcoal added to organic fertilizer was 0%(Y0),3%(Y3),and 6%(Y6),respectively.The effects of combined application of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer on soil properties,yield and quality of red pitaya were investigated,in order to provide a practical reference for high-efficient agricultural production of red pitaya in response to mixed application of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer.The effects of mixed application of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer on soil properties,enzyme activities,yield and qualities of red pitaya were measured.The results showed that the soil nutrients in 0-20 cm soil depth in mixed application of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer were significantly higher than that of single organic fertilizer.The mixed application of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer improved catalase and sucrose activities while ruduced the urease activities.Further,there was a significant or significant positive correlation between soil properties and enzyme activities.The high application of organic fertilizer increased yield of red pitaya by 24.98%than application of low organic fertilizer.In addition,the total yield of the red pitaya was significantly increased by combined application of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer.Compared with Y6 H treatment,Y6 M and Y6 L treatments increased the yield of red pitaya by 9.94%and 29.82%,respectively.The mixed application of bamboo charcoal and organic fertilizer increased the vitamin C and anthocyanin contents in red pitaya.However,it had no significant effect on soluble protein contents.Soil nutrients of the topsoil(0-20 cm)the yield and qualities of red pitaya are better under the organic fertilizer doses of 22.5-45 t·hm^-2 with 3%-6%bamboo charcoal.Therefore,it is necessary to continue to explore the application of organic fertilizer dosage of 22.5-45 t·hm^-2 with of 3%-6%of bamboo charcoal as the best ratio to achieve not only improve the soil properties,reduce the cost of fertilization,but also enhance the yield and qualities of red pitaya.