中国居民收入不公平的测度与分解

Measurement and Decomposition of Inequality of Chinese Residents’ Income

文章从代际公平角度出发,运用2008-2015年中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS),测度了中国居民收入不公平程度,同时对机会不平等和贫困在收入不公平中的影响作用进行了分解测算。结果发现:不同贫困标准下,居民收入差距中的26.5%~34.11%是由机会不平等与贫困引致的,其中,机会不平等的作用大于贫困的作用。此外,虽然绝对贫困影响收入不公平的作用在减弱,但相对贫困的影响作用却在日益强化;而农村居民面临着更为严重的收入不公平。

In the view of intergenerational equity,this paper applies Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data from 2008 to 2015 to measure the level of income inequality of Chinese residents,and meanwhile,analyzes the influence of opportunity inequality and poverty on income inequality.The results indicate that under different poverty standards,26.5%~34.11%of residents’income gap is induced by opportunity inequality and poverty,among which the effect of opportunity inequality is greater than that of poverty.In addition,while absolute poverty’s effect on income inequality is decreasing,relative poverty’s effect is increasing.Rural residents face more serious income inequality.