新中国高考制度变革70年:回顾与前瞻

Seventy Years of Institutional Changes of the National College Entrance Examination in People’s Republic of China:Review and Prospect

高考作为一项重要的教育考试制度,致力于为高一级学校选拔足额合格新生,同时还承载着整合教育教学系统、维护社会公平公正、促进社会阶层流动以及维系多民族国家稳定统一等社会功能。高考制度深受历史与文化传统、经济与社会结构以及人与资源环境关系的影响,科目与内容、形式和命题、招生及录取等方面的内部调适,未能适应经济和技术裂变的发展需要。畅通表达渠道、坚持渐进改革、加强内外联动、整合多方诉求等是高考回应民众多元化教育诉求的重要举措。

As an important educational examination system,the National College Entrance Examination is committed to selecting qualified freshmen for higher level schools,and also carries the social functions of integrating education and teaching system,maintaining social fairness and justice,promoting social mobility and maintaining stability and unity of multi-ethnic countries. The National College Entrance Examination system is deeply influenced by history and cultural tradition,economic and social structure,and the relationship between humans and resources and environment. The internal adjustments of subjects and contents,forms and propositions,enrollment and admission cannot meet the needs of the development of economic and technological fission. Given this situation,we need to take measures including smoothing channels of expression,adhering to gradual reform,strengthening internal and external linkage,and integrating multiple demands to respond to people’s diversified educational demands on the National College Entrance Examination.