广东省内珠江口海域深海鱼重金属富集特征及食用安全性评价

Accumulation characteristics and safety evaluation of heavy metals of deep-sea fishes from the Pearl river sea area in Guangdong province

目的研究广东省内珠江口一带海域捕捞的常见深海鱼类白鲳鱼、红衫鱼、带鱼、午笋鱼等的重金属富集特征并评价其食用安全性。方法采用电感稱合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)对不同鱼类的不同组织进行铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、亲(Hg)、铅(Pb)6种有害元素的含量进行测定,并采用单因子污染指数(Pi)、均值型污染指数(pollution index,P/)、污染负荷比(I)、每周可耐受摄人量(provisional tolerable weekly intake,PrW7)分别评估其污染程度.结果7种海鱼的鱼總和内脏重金属含量相对较高,肌肉中重金属含量相对较低;鱼鳃中Z n含量最髙、是主要的富集部位,Cu、C d、C r主要富集在内脏中。所有海鱼中重金属含量最多的是Zn,其次是Cu;白鲳鱼、金鲳鱼、午笋鱼、大黄花鱼、小黄花鱼、凤尾鱼的肌肉组织均处于未污染级别,只有带鱼的肌肉处于微污染级别;成年人对7种重金属每周实际摄入量(adults’weekly intake,dffT)占P 7W7比值范围为0.00%〜5.48%,均低于10%。结论重金属元素在水生动物组织或器官内的积累有一定的选择性,肌肉中所有重金属含量均未超过食品安全限量标准值,广东成人每周通过水产品摄入重金属的量是安全的。

Objective To study the heavy metal enrichment characteristics of common deep-sea fishes, such asPampas argenteus, Red shirt fish, Trichiurus lepturus and Eleutheronema tetradactylum, caught in the Pearl riverestuary of Guangdong province and evaluate their food safety. Methods The content of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pbin different parts of different deep-sea fishes was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the pollution level was evaluated by single-factor pollution index (Pj), mean pollution index (PF),pollution load ratio (L) and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Results Heavy metals were mainlydistributed in the gill and visceral of all investigated deep-sea fishes, lower in fish muscle. Zn was mainlyconcentrated in fish gills, while Cu, Cd, Cr were mainly concentrated in fish visceral. The highest content of heavymetals in all deep-sea fishes was Zn, followed by Cu. Furthermore, the muscle tissues of Pampus argenteus,Trachinotus ovatus, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Pseudosciaena crocea, Psendosciaena polyactis and Coilia mystuswere all in non-polluted level, only Trichiurus lepturusmuscles was at the level of slight level. Adults' weekly intake(AWI) of 7 heavy metals did not exceed the provisional tolerable weekly intake (P rff/)value. The ratio of Adults'weekly intake (AWI) to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 7 heavy metals was ranged from 0.00% to5.48%, which was lower than 10%. Conclusion The accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues or organs ofaquatic animals is selective, all the heavy metal content in the muscle does not exceed the food safety limit, and it issafe for Guangdong adults to intake heavy metals from aquatic products every week.