枇杷皱皮果发生规律及其防治方法

Study on occurrence of loquat fruit creasing and its control method

枇杷果实皱皮多在果实成熟前后发生,果实会出现失水、皱缩,挂在树上或者脱落,严重影响了枇杷的产量、品质和经济效益。以早钟6号枇杷品种为试材,研究皱皮果发生规律;结合组织学和生理学手段探讨枇杷皱皮果发生的原因;通过碳素营养调控措施、调节剂处理,探索控制皱皮果发生的技术措施,为生产上克服枇杷皱皮果发生、提高果实品质和商品率提供重要依据。结果表明:早钟6号皱皮发生严重,皱皮现象集中发生在果实完熟前夕、果柄离层形成时,皱皮发生与春梢发生时间有密切关系,春梢旺盛生长显著增加皱皮发生率,同时疏花处理促进了春梢生长、增加了皱皮发生率;结果母枝上的叶片数与皱皮果发生率呈负相关;环切和环扎处理均可以减轻皱皮果发生;叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾也可减轻皱皮现象。

Loquat creasing often occurs before and after ripening,and the fruit will lose water,shrink,hang on the tree or fall off,which seriously affects the yield,quality and economic benefit of loquat fruit.In this study,Cultivar Zaozhong No.6 was used to study the occurrence laws of fruit creasing,and anatomically and physiologically methods were used to investigate the cause of loquat creasing.Treatments such as cincturing,wiring and sprays of plant growth regulators were tested for fruit quality improvement and fruit disorder control.The results were as follows:fruit creasing occured seriously in Zaozhong No.6,creasing occurred prior to full maturation of the fruit and when the abscission zone of pedicle was formed.Its occurrence was closely associated with the outgrowth of spring shoot,i.e.vigorous growth of spring shoot increased creasing incidence.Flower thinning encouraged growth of spring shoot and thus increased creasing incidence.There was a significant negative correlation between the number leaves on the fruit-bearing shoots and the incidence of creasing.Cincturing or wiring could reduce creasing incidence.Foliar spray of KH 2PO 4 was effective in reducing creasing incidence.