重庆医科大学附属第二医院孕妇孕晚期维生素A营养水平的研究

Nutritional Level of Vitamin A in Pregnant Women in Late Pregnancy from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University

目的:评估重庆医科大学附属第二医院产科孕妇孕晚期维生素A(VA)的营养状况,提出合理建议。方法:以2016年9月至2017年1月孕晚期在重庆医科大学附属第二医院产科做产前检查的孕妇332例为调查对象,采用问卷调查、24 h膳食调查法了解孕妇膳食结构组成,利用高效液相色谱检测血清中视黄醇水平,采用VA每日推荐摄入量(RNI)评价VA膳食摄入状况。结果:(1)共收集有效问卷302份,完成血清视黄醇检测的有302例,其中VA缺乏的检出率为14.90%,可疑VA缺乏为47.35%,未发现严重临床VA缺乏病例。(2)孕妇的年龄、药物补充是影响VA摄入的正相关因素(P<0.05),而孕前BMI、孕次、产次、文化程度则与VA摄入无关(P>0.05)。(3)孕妇的文化程度、药物补充是血清视黄醇浓度的影响因素,且血清视黄醇浓度与孕妇文化程度、药物补充呈正相关(P<0.05);而血清视黄醇浓度与孕妇年龄、孕次、产次无关(P>0.05)。(4)血清中视黄醇浓度与膳食总VA摄入量呈正相关,膳食总VA摄入量越高,血清中视黄醇的浓度越高(r=0.137,P<0.05)。结论:我院孕妇孕晚期的VA营养状况不容乐观,VA膳食摄入状况仍有待改善。孕妇年龄、文化程度、药物补充是影响膳食总VA水平和血清视黄醇水平的主要因素。

Objective:To evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin A(VA)in pregnant women in late pregnancy from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,and to put forward valuable suggestions.Methods:A total of 332 pregnant women in late pregnancy admitted into the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Sept.2016 to Jan.2017 were extracted as the research objects.Questionnaire survey and 24 h dietary survey were used to investigate the dietary composition of pregnant women.The level of retinol production in serum was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.VA dietary intake was assessed by using VA daily recommended intake(RNI).Results:(1)A total of 302 valid questionnaires were collected,among which 302 cases completed the detection of serum retinol,the detection rate of VA deficiency was 14.90%and that of suspected VA deficiency was 47.35%.No severe clinical VA deficiency was found.(2)The age and drug supplementation of pregnant women were positively correlated with VA intake(P<0.05),while BMI before pregnancy,gravidity,parity and education level were not correlated with VA intake(P>0.05).(3)The education level and drug supplementation of pregnant women were the influencing factors of serum retinol concentration,and serum retinol concentration was positively correlated with the education level and drug supplementation(P<0.05).However,the age,gravidity and parity of pregnant women were not related to serum retinol concentration(P>0.05).(4)Serum retinol concentration was positively correlated with dietary total VA intake.The higher the total dietary VA intake,the higher the serum retinol concentration(r=0.137,P<0.05).Conclusion:The nutritional status of VA in late pregnancy of pregnant women from our hospital is not optimistic,and the dietary intake of VA still needs to be improved.Age,education level and drug supplementation of the pregnant women are the main factors affecting the total dietary VA level and the serum retinol level.