日本明治中期国粹主义思潮中的亚洲观变迁——以政教社机关杂志《日本人》为中心

On the Transformation of the View of Asian in the Trend of Nationalism Thought in the Middle of Meiji, in Reference with Japanese

近年来,随着"东亚共同体"的提出,日本"国粹主义"与"亚细亚主义"的关联性研究已然成为中日学界关注的焦点。然而,国内学界多将明治中期兴起的国粹主义置于亚细亚主义发展史中去考察,从国粹主义自身的理论视角出发所作的探讨则相对缺乏。以日本政教社机关杂志《日本人》为中心,试图从明治中期的国粹主义思潮中勾勒出政教社学人亚洲观(尤其是晚清认识)的变迁,总体可分为三阶段:第一阶段是1888年至1890年,政教社以"国粹保存"为旗号对抗欧化浪潮,《日本人》的问题意识也集中于"日本式开化";第二阶段是1890年至1894年甲午中日战争,政教社学人试图扩张"国粹"并建立一个以日本为主导的东亚共同体,"征亚主义"也成为主旋律;第三阶段是1894年甲午战后至1898年,"国粹"遇到理论发展瓶颈并渐被"日本主义"取代,《日本人》的亚洲主张转为"门罗主义","战后经营"成为核心话题。

"Brexit"makes question debate about nationalism and regionalism becoming a world topic again.with the appearance of the concept of"East Asian Community",the relevance between Japanese nationalism and Pan-Asianism becomes the focal point both in China and Japan.Current domestic research prefers to research the Japanese nationalism raised in the middle of Meiji under the background of Pan-Asianism,rather than to analyze this on the perspective of Japanese nationalism itself.This paper intends to depict the evolution history of the academics in Seikyosha about Pan-Asianism,based on the analysis about relevant historical materials published in Japanese,an official magazine run by Seikyosha.1888-1890 is the first stage,where Japanese nationalism preservation was emphasized so as to defend against the so-called Europeanization.During this period,Japan-style social civilizing is the main theme of the Japanese,the official magazine;the second stage,between 1890-1894,is the eve of Sino-Japanese War.During this time,the concept of Asialism was replaced by another concept-the Japanese nationalism,which extended in content compared with the former one,and consequently,conquering the Asian become the mainstream ideology of Japan;the third stage(1894-1898)evidenced that the Japanism replaced the position of the Japanese nationalism when the former cannot cater for the needs of this time.At the same time,the Asian-view of the Japanese was also replaced by Monroe Doctrine,"operation-after-war"become the topic of current Japan society.