基于三角梅外观的种质资源评价

Evaluation of Germplasm Resources Based on Appearance of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd

为指导三角梅在园林绿化美化中的应用,开发新的三角梅品种和应用形式,通过对不同三角梅品种16个植物学性状的研究,对其外观给予相应宏观评价,对收集到的40个三角梅品种的外观评价分析。结果表明:斑叶类品种群长势普遍较弱,株型中等,叶片拥有较明显第二色,在花期过后,真花和苞片凋谢的情况下,也具有很高观赏价值,适宜嫁接、规模化栽培和盆景观赏,占比为32.5%;双色类品种群的苞片拥有两种颜色,观赏性极高,普遍适合攀缘栽培,占比为12.5%(怡锦兼具双色和重瓣特性);重瓣类品种群真花消失,苞片密集生长,每个聚伞花序有18~60个苞片,观赏价值极高,但花谢后苞片存于枝条上,影响观赏效果,占比为7.5%;塔式类品种群开花时形似宝塔,苞片密集生长,观赏价值高,是三角梅的优良栽培品种,占比为2.5%;其他观赏品种的观赏性状主要为苞片颜色,占比为47.5%。

In order to guide the application of Bougainvillea spectabilis in landscaping and landscaping,develop new varieties and application forms of Bougainvillea spectabilis,through the study of 16 botanical characters of different Bougainvillea spectabilis species,the macroscopic evaluation of their appearance was given.The evaluation of the appearance of 40 Bougainvillea spectabilis species collected was analyzed.The results showed that the growth of spotted-leaf varieties was generally weak,the plant type was medium,and the leaves had obvious second color.After flowering period,when the flowers and bracts withered,they also had high ornamental value.They were suitable for grafting,large-scale cultivation and potted landscape appreciation,accounting for 32.5%.The bracts of two-color varieties group had two colors,which were highly ornamental and generally suitable for climbing cultivation,accounting for 32.5%.The ratio was 12.5%(Yijin had double color and double petals);the true flowers disappeared and the bracts grew densely,each cyme had 18-60 bracts,which had a high ornamental value,but the bracts after flowering existed on the branches,which affected the ornamental effect,accounting for 7.5%.The pagoda-shaped varieties blossomed like pagodas,the bracts grew densely,and the ornamental value was high.It was an excellent cultivation of Bougainvillea spectabilis.Varieties accounted for 2.5%,while other ornamental varieties mainly had bract color,accounting for 47.5%.