民国保守主义文学本质论之“功利论”的中西渊源

The Chinese and Western Origins of the Utilitarian Theory in the Conservative Literary Essence Theory before 1949

民国保守主义文学本质论中的“功利论”与中西诗学都存在关联。就传统诗学渊源的角度而言,这种“功利论”基本承继传统的“功利说”,以注重社会、强调社会为思想核心,具有鲜明的客观主义、集体主义的色彩。就西方诗学渊源的角度而言,这种“功利论”颇受当时西方新人文主义思想的影响,主张情感的节制、反对情感的宣泄,以至于其对当时盛行的浪漫主义文学多有微词。民国保守主义者之所以秉持这种“功利论”,是因为他们希望文学创作能够裨益社会、人生而不流于创作主体的个人情志的抒发。

The Utilitarian Theory in the conservative literary essence theory before 1949 is closely related to both Chinese and western poetics.From the perspective of the origin of Chinese poetics,the Utilitarian Theory basically inherits traditional Chinese theory of utility,focusing on society and emphasizing society as the core of ideology,and has clear traits of objectivism and collectivism.From the perspective of the origin of western poetics,the Utilitarian Theory is very much influenced by the western neo-humanism thought at that time,advocating the control of emotions and the release of opposing emotions,so that it criticized the popular romantic literature at that time.The reason why conservatives before 1949 upheld Utilitarian Theory was that they hoped that literary creation could benefit society and human life without resorting to the bursts of personal emotions of the creative subject.