吴语开合口演变研究

A Research on Development of Opened and Closed Syllables in Shanghai Dialect

对方言的开合口演变进行研究,有助于揭示方言语音发展的演变规律。通过对上海、温州、温岭、金华、丽水和仙源六个吴语代表方言点中发生成系列开合口转变的韵摄的比较分析,并结合现代汉语普通话开合口演变的差异,从声母衍化的角度,得出现代吴语里中古合口韵在唇音声母后基本变为开口,除本韵主元音为[u][y]之外的中古合口韵在舌齿音端系声母后多变为开口、在知系声母后各地开合口演变差异较大,中古韵部在喉牙音后基本不发生开合口演变的一般规律。

Doing researches for the development of opened and closed syllables in Shanghai dialect, help to contribute for the revelation of the phonetic law of Shanghai dialect. By applying a comparative analysis on the rhyme groups which have occurred serial conversion between opened and closed syllables in six representatives of Shanghai dialect that includes Shanghai, Wenzhou, Wenling, Jinghua, Lishui and Xianyuan dialects, as we as combining the differences in development for opened and closed syllables in modern Chinese Putonghua and since the discovery of the initials consonants evolution, some general rules in Shanghai dialect have been accumulated, like the closed syllables in the mediaeval times basically have turned into the opened syllables behind the labial consonants, except for the main vowel of closed syllables is \[u\] and \[y\], the closed syllables in the mediaeval times had turned into the opened syllables that were mostly behind the Duan-system of linguo-dental consonants, these closed syllables had great differences in evolution behind the Zhi-system of linguo-dental consonants in six representatives. Neither opened syllables nor closed syllables in the mediaeval times were basically didn’t have the change behind the velar-glottal consonants.