儿童补充钙、锌、维生素A促进其生长发育的研究

Study on calcium, zinc and vitamin A supplementation to promote growth and development of children

目的研究儿童补充钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)、维生素A(VA)促进其生长发育的效果。方法选择2016年8月至2018年1月我院就诊的100例3~5岁儿童作为研究对象,按照年龄与性别大致相匹配原则分为Zn+Ca+VA组、Zn+Ca组、Zn组和对照组,每组25例。Zn+Ca+VA组口服VA 200μg/d,Ca 250 mg/d,Zn 3.5 mg/d;Zn+Ca组口服Ca 250 mg/d,Zn 3.5 mg/d;Zn组口服Zn 3.5 mg/d;对照组给予相应的安慰剂;均持续服用12个月。比较各组儿童父母的年龄、身高及儿童的出生体重,每隔4个月对各组儿童进行一次膳食调查和体格检查(身高、体重),并分别于研究前、后测量一次骨龄,计算骨龄增长值。结果各组的父母年龄、身高、儿童年龄、儿童出生体重比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组儿童在第4、8、12个月末的蛋白质摄入和总能量摄入比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。第12个月末时,Zn组儿童身高显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第8、12个月末时,Zn+Ca组、Zn+Ca+VA组儿童身高均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。第12个月末时,Zn+Ca组儿童体重显著大于对照组(P<0.05);第8、12个月末时,Zn+Ca+VA组儿童体重显著大于对照组(P<0.05),Zn+Ca+VA组儿童体重显著大于Zn+Ca组(P<0.05)。Zn组增加的身高显著多于对照组(P<0.05);Zn+Ca组和Zn+Ca+VA组增长的体重、增加的身高均多于对照组(P<0.05);各组儿童的骨龄增长值比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论补充Ca、Zn、VA可以更好的促进儿童的生长发育。

Objective To study the effect of calcium(Ca), zinc(Zn) and vitamin A(VA) supplementation on children’s growth and development. Methods From August 2016 to January 2018, 100 children aged 3-5 years old admitted in our hospital were selected as the study objects. According to the principle of roughly matching age and gender, the children were divided into Zn+Ca+VA group, Zn+Ca group, Zn group and control group, with 25 cases in each group. The 200 μg/d of VA,250 mg/d of Ca and 3.5 mg/d of Zn were taken orally in the Zn+Ca+VA group;250 mg/d of Ca and 3.5 mg/d of Zn were taken orally in the Zn+Ca group;3.5 mg/d of Zn was taken orally in the Zn group;corresponding placebo was given in the control group;the children all continued to take those for 12 months. The parents’ age, height and birth weight of children in each group were compared. Every four months, the children in each group were given a dietary survey and physical examination(height and weight). The bone age was measured before and after the study, and the growth value of bone age was calculated.Results There were no significant differences in parents’ age, height, children’s age and birth weight in each group(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in protein intake and total energy intake of children in each group at the end of the 4 th,8 th and 12 th month(P>0.05). At the end of the 12 th month, the height of children in the Zn group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);at the end of the 8 th and 12 th month, the height of children in the Zn+Ca group and the Zn+Ca+VA group were significantly greater than that in the control group(P<0.05). At the end of the 12 th month, the weight of children in the Zn+Ca group was significantly greater than that in the control group(P<0.05);at the end of the8 th and 12 th month, the weight of children in the Zn+Ca+VA group was significantly greater than that in the control group(P <0.05), and the weight of children in the Zn +Ca +VA group was significantly greater than that in the Zn+Ca group(P<0.05). The increased height in the Zn group was significantly more than that in the control group(P<0.05);the increased weight and height in the Zn+Ca group and in the Zn+Ca+VA group were more than those in the control group(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in bone age growth among children in each group(P >0.05). Conclusion Ca, Zn and VA supplementation can better promote the growth and development of children.