论类推机制在同素异序词分化中的作用

On the Role of Analogy in the Differentiation of Some Inverse Morphemes Words

在汉语词汇的发展历史中,存在着数量众多的同素异序词。其中有一部分同素异序词经过发展演化,两种素序形式都得以保留,但在词性、意义或用法等方面有着明显区别,分化为两个不同的词。本文考察发现,部分同素异序词分化是受到语言系统内部类推机制的作用,本为并列式的某个素序形式因"形似"某种强势构词式而被类推为该结构,从而具备了相应的语义、语法特点,最终导致此素序形式与另一素序形式发生分化。

In the history of the development of Chinese vocabulary, there are a large number of inverse morphemes words. Some of the inverse morphemes words keep both of the two forms, while with clear difference in meaning, part of speech, and usage. This study finds that the differentiation of some inverse morphemes words is motivated by the internal analogy mechanism of the language system. A form of the inverse morphemes word pairs is analogized to a new structure because of its "form resemblance" of some strong word-formation, thus have the corresponding semantic and grammatical characteristics, which ultimately leads to the differentiation of this form from the other one.