低密度树脂基防热材料研究进展

Research Progress of Low-Density Resin-Based Thermal Protection Materials

随着各国航天工业的发展,飞行器朝着高马赫数和长时间飞行发展,由此带来的热防护问题不容忽视,因此研究新型防热材料以应对严酷的飞行环境显得十分重要。自20世纪50年代开始,树脂基热防护材料因其高残碳率、高防热性能及低成本等优点已经成功应用在美国与前苏联各类型号的导弹与火箭上。针对热防护系统轻量化及防隔热一体化的需求,总结了国内外低密度树脂基防热材料的研究现状,简述了添加空心微球减重、构造多孔结构以及密度梯度纤维化设计等3种减重思路及逐渐从均一的低密度材料向梯度化材料演变的设计理念,展望了低密度树脂基防热材料的发展趋势。

With the development of the aerospace industry in various countries,long period flight,bringing about the nonnegligible thermal protection problem,which makes it significant to develop advanced thermal protection materials to cope with the harsh flight environment. Since the 1950 s,resin-based thermal protection materials have been applied to various types of missiles and rockets in the United States and the former Soviet Union due to their high charring ratio,excellent performance of thermal protection and low cost. The research status of the low-density resin-based thermal protection materials has been systematically summarized. Three major lightweight strategies,including adding hollow microspheres,developing porous structures and designing 3 D woven fiber preforms are introduced. Besides,the design concept of gradually evolving from uniform low density materials to gradient materials is introduced and the development trend of low-density resin-based heat-resistant materials is prospected.