3D打印用球形钛粉制备技术研究现状

Research Status of Preparation Technology of Spherical Titanium Powder for 3D Printing

目前,我国3D打印材料市场规模已达到30亿元,其中钛合金占比最大,达到了20%。3D打印钛合金零件被广泛应用于航空航天、核工业、医疗器械及运动器材等领域。钛合金粉末作为3D打印钛合金零件的重要金属材料,其性能(包括氧含量、纯净度、球形度、粉末粒径、粉体密度等)直接影响到3D打印钛合金零件的成型性能,3D打印钛粉的制备技术及工艺已成为国内外开发和研究的热点。首先详细介绍了制备球形钛粉的主要方法,包括雾化法(气雾化、离心雾化、等离子雾化)、球化法(激光球化、等离子球化)、造粒烧结脱氧法,同时综述了国内外研究现状;接着对球形钛粉制备技术进行了比较,认为造粒烧结法因制粉成本低廉而具有很大的发展前景;最后对球形钛粉制备技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

At present,the market scale of 3D printing materials in China has reached 3 billion RMB,of which titanium alloy accounts for the largest proportion,reaching 20%. 3 D printed titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace,nuclear industry,medical devices,sports equipment and other fields. Titanium alloy powder is an important metal material for 3D printing titanium alloy parts. Its properties( including oxygen content,purity,spheroidization,powder particle size,powder density,etc.) directly affect the molding performance of 3D printed titanium alloy parts. The preparation technology and process of titanium powder have become a hot spot of development and research at home and abroad. Firstly,the main methods of preparing spherical titanium powder were introduced in detail,including atomization( gas atomization,centrifugal atomization,plasma atomization),spheroidization( laser spheroidization,plasma spheroidization),granulation-sintering-deoxygenation,and the current research status at home and abroad was summarized. Then the preparation technologies were compared,and it is considered that the granulation-sintering-deoxygenation method has a great prospect because of the low cost of powder production. Finally,the preparation technology of spherical titanium powder is prospected.