两汉北胡南汉说

The Saying of “Northern Hu and Southern Han” in the Han Dynasty

在西汉武帝“征伐四夷,开置边郡”的背景下,司马迁于《史记》提出大一统国家“四海内”北胡南汉的民族格局。由西汉《史记》至东汉《汉书》,北胡南汉之说经历了从司马迁到刘向、朱赣、班固的百余年演变历程。其演变的核心内容,一方面是“盐铁论”以来“三方”(西南夷、两越、朝鲜)的提出,“三方”与匈奴的分离导致“四夷”的分化;另一方面则是,“三方”渐进嵌入“中国”的范畴,至《汉书·地理志》北胡南汉格局得以正式确立。

Under the background of Emperor Wu“conquering the surrounding Yi(夷)and setting frontier prefectures”during the Western Han dynasty,Si Maqian put forward the saying—“northern Hu and southern Han”(北胡南夏),referring to the ethnicpattern in a great unification within“the four seas”in Shi J i(《史记》).From Shi Ji in the Western Han dynasty to Han shu in the Eastern Han dynasty,the saying of“northern Hu and southern Han”experienced more than a hundred years of evolution from Si Maqian to Liu Xiang(刘向),Zhu Gan(朱赣)and Ban Gu(班固).The core content of the evolution is,on the one hand,the proposal of“three places”(三方)(Xinan Yi/西南夷,Liangyue/两越and Chaoxian/朝鲜)since the“On Salt and Iron”(盐铁论),and the separation of“three places”and the Huns led to the differentiation of Siyi(四夷);on the other hand,“three places”was gradually embedded into the category of“China”,and till the geography of Han Shu(《汉书》),the pattern of“northern Hu and southern Han”was formally established.