康熙时期穆克登碑初立位置新证

New Evidence of the Initial Position of the Mukedeng Monument in the Kangxi Period

清康熙五十一年(1712),康熙帝命打牲乌拉总管穆克登赴中朝交界的图们江、鸭绿江江源一带确定两江正源,并在分水岭处树立界碑,史称“穆克登碑”。根据新发现的李匡德《冠阳集·答李君敬书》、首尔大学奎章阁藏《西北界图》和《八道地图》、成海应《北边杂议》等朝方资料,结合中国第一历史档案馆所藏满文奏折、清末相关人员的实地考察等中方资料,作者认为穆克登碑最初确实立于小白山分水岭上,穆克登指定的图们江源是红丹水。

In the 51st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing dynasty(AD 1712),Emperor Kangxi ordered general Mukedeng(穆克登)to explore the correct source of the Tumen and Yalu rivers which border China and Korea,and set up a boundary monument at the dividing crest,In later history it was called the“Mukden monument”.According to the newly discovered Korean materials Da Lijun Jingshu in Guanyangji by Li Kuangde(李匡德《冠阳集·答李君敬书》),Northwest Border Ma p and Badao Map in Seoul University(首尔大学奎章阁《西北界图》、《八道地图》),and Beibian Zayi by Cheng Haiying(成海应《北边杂议》),Combined with the Manchu letters in the first historical archives of China and the field investigation and other historical materials of the late Qing dynasty,the author believes that the“Mukedeng monument”was originally located in the watershed of Xiao Baishan(小白山),and the source of Tumen river designated by Mukedeng was the Hongdan Shui(红丹水).