“圣识一切”与三世达赖的名号关系

“All-Knowing”and the Title of the Third Dalai Lama

学术界一般认为俺答汗赠与三世达赖喇嘛的名号是“圣识一切瓦齐尔达喇达赖喇嘛”,但事实上这个名号中是不包含“圣识一切”的。作者通过对明清时代的蒙古文、藏文、汉文史料的检索,认为其中并没有“圣识一切”一词。“圣识一切”是蒙藏两个民族对高僧较为通用的一个称呼,它并不限用于三世达赖或者达赖系统。“圣识一切”之所以衍入俺答汗赠与三世达赖的汉文名号中,与清代汉译本《蒙古源流》在三世达赖喇嘛名号的表述上隐含着两种解读方式有关。

“All-Knowing Vajradhāra,the Dalai Lama”is generally identified as the title given by Altan-Khan to the third Dalai Lama by the academic community.But in fact,the title of the Third Dalai Lama does not contain the part of“All-Knowing”.Through the search of Mongolian,Tibetan and Chinese historical materials in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the author believes that there is no word of“All-Knowing”in the title given by Altan-Khan.“All-Knowing”is a common term used by the Mongolian and Tibetan people to call eminent monks.It is not limited to use on the third Dalai Lama or the Dalai Lama system.The reason why“All-Knowing”was added onto the title in Chinese texts is related to the two interpretation ways in the description of the title of the third Dalai Lama in Chinese translated edition of Endeni-yin Tobci(《蒙古源流》)during the Qing dynasty.