政治生态变迁与春秋文作家群体社会阶层演化

Changes of Political Ecology and Evolution of Social Stratum of Writers in Spring and Autumn Period

春秋时期政治生态经历了一个由“天下有道,则礼乐征伐自天子出”向“天下无道,则礼乐征伐自诸侯出”“自大夫出”“陪臣执国命”渐次变迁的过程,从而完成由王权政治向霸权(君权)政治、族权政治、庶人政治的变革。这种变革的基本内涵之一就是政治文化由贵族精英主导的礼治型向庶民草根参与的民本型转变,这自然会引发作家群体社会阶层分布不断由贵族向庶人的演化。春秋文作家群体除了国君、卿、大夫这些上层贵族之外,新出现士、平民阶层,甚至乡人、野人等社会下层人物也成为文学创作的主体。春秋时期各个历史阶段的创作主体又呈现出不同的特征:前期周天子依然可以通过策命诸侯方式来行使“王权”,王室、公室卿事寮与太史寮作家群体比例严重失调;中期国君成为创作的重要主体之一,社会阶层开始向“卿族”转化;后期“卿大夫”阶层成为创作主体,“士”阶层作家群体逐步形成;晚期“家臣”作家群体开始形成,“士大夫”职业化作家群体开始出现。

During the Spring and Autumn Period,the political ecology underwent a transition,the rites of protocol and music from the emperor to the princes and to the vassals.Then a deep political development occurred,the power changed from crown to hegemony,and then from clan to the common people.Naturally,the distribution of writers′social strata continued evolving from aristocratic to common people.In addition to Kings of Zhou,monarch,high officials and senior officials,the prose writers group of the Spring and Autumn Period had emerged new strata of scholars and civilians,and even the lower strata of the society that had become the main body of literary creation.The different historical stages of the Spring and Autumn Period show different distribution.In the early period,Kings of Zhou could still exercise the royal power by ordering the princes,and the proportion between the royal family writers group and the writers group of Qingshiliao and Taishiliao of the family of princes under an emperor was seriously imbalanced;in the middle period:the monarchs represented by the princes became one of the important subjects of creation,and the social stratum began to transform into the"Qing clan";in the later period:the high ministers and nobles"became the main body of creation,and the"scholar"class writers group gradually formed;in the last period:the"family minister"writers group began to form,and the"scholar-bureaucrat"professional writers group began to appear.