全液压海洋地质钻探系统的研制与应用

Development and Application of Hydraulic Drilling Rig for Marine Geological Survey

为解决现有钻探系统整机质量大、机械驱动效率低及船体空间需求大的问题,研制了全液压海洋地质钻探系统。该系统使用集成液压系统为其提升系统、管柱处理系统、海底基盘收放及控制系统提供动力,采用门型井架液缸式钻柱举升系统、升降式液气大钳和双司钻集成控制系统等技术,可满足±1.5 m浪涌海况下定点作业需求。该系统已随广州海洋地质十号调查船出海6次,累计完成约1 000 m钻深进尺,浅海触底取样取心深度最大至水下100 m,接单根及钻进作业200 m平均净时长约为8 h,作业效率比常规作业平台提高约25%,作业人员由常规的7人减少到3人,减轻了现场操作人员劳动强度,取样完整率也得到明显提高。全液压海洋地质钻探系统的研究成功可为同类液压地质钻探系统的设计提供参考,也可为后续的地质调查和科研打下一定的基础。

To address the problems of existing drilling system like large mass, low mechanical drive efficiency and large space requirement, a hydraulic drilling system for marine geological survey is developed. The system uses an integrated hydraulic system to power its hoisting system, pipe handling system, subsea template deploying and control system. The gate type derrick, cylinder type drill pipe lifting system, elevation type hydraulic and pneumatic power tong and double driller integrated control system are used to meet the needs of fixed-point operations in ±1.5 m surge sea conditions. The system has been used 6 times with the Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey Ship No. 10, and has completed a drilling footage of about 1 000 m. The depth of the shallow sea bottom sampling core is up to 100 m. The average net time of drill pipe make-up and drilling operation is about 8 h/200 m. The working efficiency is increased by about 25% compared with the conventional drilling platform. The number of staffs is reduced from 7 to 3. The drilling rig reduces the on-site labor intensity and also significantly improves the sampling completion rate. The study results can provide references for the design of similar hydraulic geological drilling systems, and lay a foundation for subsequent geological survey and scientific research.