澄清柯亨对马克思无产阶级理论的误解

To Clarify Cohen’s Misunderstanding of Marx’s Proletarian Theory

无产阶级理论是马克思科学社会主义的一个重要的理论支点,无产阶级存在与解体问题也是西方学界一直争论和质疑的焦点。作为分析马克思主义学派的领军人物,柯亨在探索"为什么是社会主义"的过程中,对马克思无产阶级理论提出了三个质疑:无产阶级的存在受到规范性的质疑;无产阶级面临着正在解体或者已经解体的状况;无产阶级不会实现与哲学的结合,进而从资本主义母体中接生出来的社会主义也不会实现。为认证柯亨的这种观点是对马克思科学社会主义理论前提的一种误读,我们需要站在马克思原初的立场,理解马克思的无产阶级理论和科学社会主义思想,并重释哲学与无产阶级结合的真正意蕴。

The theory of proletariat is an important fulcrum of Marx’s scientific socialism. The existence and disintegration of the proletariat has been the focus of debate and questioning in Western academic circle.As a leading figure of analytical Marxist school, Cohen also questioned the proletarian theory in the process of rebuilding Marxist scientific socialism. Cohen raised three heckles to Marx’s proletarian theory: the existence of the proletariat was questioned by the norm;the proletariat is in the process of disintegrating or has already disintegrated;the proletariat will not be able to integrate itself with philosophy, nor will socialism be able to be born out of the matrix of capitalism. In order to prove that this view of Cohen’s is a misreading of the theoretical premise of Marx’s scientific socialism, we need to stand in Marx’s original position, understand Marx’s proletarian theory, scientific socialism, and reinterpret the true meaning of the combination of philosophy and the proletariat.