区块链技术在疫苗全程追溯体系中的应用设想

The Application of Blockchain Technology in Whole-process Vaccine Traceability System

目的利用区块链公开透明、去中心化、防止篡改、集体维护及分布式技术解决方案的特点,探索区块链技术在疫苗全程追溯体系中的应用,便于疫苗监管部门的调查、追责,形成社会监督机制,从而提高政府对免疫规划的科学决策和应急指挥能力。方法将生产批文、原料供应、生产厂家、运输车辆GPS、销售商等全部环节连接起来,建立疫苗流通区块链模型。结果区块链的开放式节点设计,使得各参与主体可以随时获得和查阅任意一支疫苗从原料到生产过程,使销售信息、质检信息、接种信息一目了然,便于监管部门的调查、追责,形成一个广泛而长效的社会监督机制。结论区块链作为一种技术手段,虽然在多领域广泛试行,但能否跨越理论层面真正地实现"落地",不仅需要进行大量的实践和验证,还需要制定相关的法律法规对数据的安全和隐私予以保障,期待区块链技术能在疫苗全程追溯体系中发挥重要作用。

Objective The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of block chain technology in the whole –process vaccine’s traceability system by using the characteristics of transparent, decentralization, tamper-proof, collective maintenance and distributed technology solutions of the blockchain to facilitate the investigation, accountability and traceability of vaccine regulatory agencies, so as to form a broad and long-term social supervision mechanism, thereby improve the scientific decisionmaking of the government on the immune planning and emergency command capability. Methods The block chain model of vaccine circulation was established by connecting all links including production approval, raw material supply, manufacturers, GPS of transportation vehicles, and sellers.Results The open node design of blockchain enables all participants to obtain and consult any vaccine at any time, from raw materials to production process, so that sales information, quality inspection information and vaccination information are clear at a glance, facilitating the investigation and accountability of regulatory authorities, and forming a broad and long-term social supervision mechanism.Conclusion As a technical means, blockchain has been widely tried in many fields, but whether it can truly realize "landing" across the theoretical level requires not only a lot of practice and verification, but also relevant laws and regulations to ensure the security and privacy of data.It is expected that the blockchain technology can play an important role in the whole vaccine traceability system.