有机固废堆肥过程的水分平衡模型研究进展

Progress on water balance model during organic solid waste composting process:A review

畜禽粪便等有机固体废物堆肥过程中水分含量影响堆肥反应过程,并最终影响堆肥产品质量和后续的产品加工,建立堆肥过程中的水分平衡模型有利于深入理解堆肥过程并优化堆肥过程的工艺参数。该文基于国内外研究进展,对堆肥模型建立基础、水分模型及有机质降解模型研究现状进行综述,概括了堆肥过程中水分迁移转化的主要途径,明确了堆肥过程有机质降解产生的水分是水分平衡模型的重要组成部分。同时,提出可以根据物料平衡思想建立堆肥过程中质量平衡模型,由此分析了堆肥过程中水分平衡模型和有机质降解模型。现在的水分质量平衡模型考虑了堆肥过程中通风对流、水汽蒸发以及微生物作用有机质降解产水对水分的影响,将水分模型分为对流模型、反应-对流模型、反应-蒸发模型和反应-对流-扩散模型4种模型。堆肥产水过程中的有机质降解模型主要有一阶动力学模型、Monod模型和经验模型。

Usually the moisture content affects the composting reaction rate,the quality of composting products and the process of subsequent products.It can deeply understand the process and optimize the process parameters of the composting process through establishing water balance models.Based on the research progress,this paper reviewed the foundation of model establishment and the current study of water model and organic matter degradation model.The main ways of water migration and transformation were summarized.And it was made clear that the water produced by the degradation of microbial oxidation organic matter was the pathway of water production,which was an important part of the water balance model during composting.At the same time,water balance model and organic matter degradation model were analyzed according to the material balance.These effects of ventilation convection,water evaporation,and organic matter degradation during composting were considered in the current water models,which were divided into convection model,reaction-convection model,reaction-evaporation model and reaction-convection-diffusion models.There were three approaches to describe the biodegradation process:first-order kinetics,Monod kinetics and empirical equations.