配施中微量元素对宁夏酿酒葡萄产量及品质的影响

Influence of the application of medium and microelements fertilizer on growth and quality of wine grape

中微量元素的缺乏是限制贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄品质的重要因素。通过大田试验研究了在常规施肥的基础上配施Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo、Mg、Ca等元素对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄赤珠霞(Cabernet Sauvignon)生长及品质的影响。结果表明:配施B元素显著提高葡萄百粒重,降低可滴定酸的含量;Fe和Mn元素显著降低葡萄百粒重、果粒粒径及可溶性固形物的含量;Cu和Zn元素显著降低可溶性糖的含量,Zn元素显著提高单宁和总花色苷的含量,配施Ca和Mg可提高葡萄产量、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比。单独配施一种微量元素的效益是有限的,将8种微量元素混合施肥可较常规施肥的百粒重提高32.5 g,总产量提高43.8%,同时显著提高还原糖和可溶性糖含量,降低可滴定酸含量,并具有较高的单宁、总花色苷和总酚含量。因此,该地区多种微量元素综合配施在提高葡萄产量和品质方面显著优于配施单种微量元素肥料。

Lacking of medium and microelements has seriously affected the quality of wine grape in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain. Based on the conventional fertilization,the influence of different medium and microelements(Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B,Mo,Mg and Ca) on the grape(4-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon) growth and quality were observed through field experimental in a winery of the eastern foot of Helan Mountain. The results showed that the application of medium and microelements fertilizer affected both the yield and quality of wine grape. The application of B significantly increased the 100-berry weight of wine grape and reduced the content of titration acid. Application of Fe and Mn significantly reduced the grape 100-berry weight and fruit diameter and soluble solids. The application of Cu and Zn significantly reduced the content of soluble sugar,Zn elements significantly increased the content of tannins and total anthocyanins. The Ca and Mg fertilizer increased the yield of wine grape,the content of soluble solids and the ratio of glycolic acid significantly. While,the limited benefits of individual element fertilizer application were observed and the reasonable benefits of the mixed medium and microelements fertilizer application in the improvement of grape yield and quality were achieved. Compared with CK,the mixed fertilizer application increased 100-berry weight and yield by 32.5 g and 43.8%,respectively,increased the content of reducing sugar and soluble sugar significantly,and reduced the content of titration acid,as well as the higher content of tannin,total anthocyanins and total phenol was observed. Therefore,the mixed medium and microelement fertilizer application has better benefits in improvement grape yield and quality than the individual element fertilizer in the research area.