羊粪发酵肥替代化肥对芒果园土壤性状、叶片营养及果实品质的影响

Effects of sheep fermentation fertilizer substituting for different quantities of chemical fertilizer on soil characters,leaf nutrition and fruit quality in mango orchard

围绕芒果园土壤贫瘠、果实产量较低等问题,以典型芒果园为研究对象,研究羊粪发酵肥替代不同数量化肥对芒果园土壤理化性状、叶片营养及果实产量和品质等的影响,旨在为生产上芒果科学合理进行化肥减施提供技术支持。通过大田小区试验研究,结果表明:与常规施肥相比,不同的替代比例在不同土层中都降低了土壤的容重,增加了土壤总孔隙度,0~20 cm土层中容重的降低和总孔隙度的升高高于20~40 cm土层;不同的替代比例提高了不同土层中pH值和有机质含量,其中T2(30%)和T3(50%)在0~20 cm土层中的pH值和有机质含量与对照和T1(10%)相比达到了显著差异,碱解氮和常规施肥相比有所降低,但未达到显著差异,有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙镁含量与对照相比都有所升高,其中0~20 cm土层中的速效钾和交换性镁T2(30%)和T3(50%)处理与常规施肥和T1处理相比达到了显著差异,T3(50%)与T2(30%)之间无显著差异;不同替代比例的叶片全氮含量稍有降低,提高了其他矿质元素含量,但未达到显著差异;不同的替代比例均提高了产量,但对单果重影响不显著,果实中的可溶性固形物、Vc、固酸比都有升高,各替代比例中果实的可滴定酸含量与对照相比,有所降低。综合比较,T2(30%)处理对提高土壤肥力、提高产量和果实品质效果较好。

Considering the poor soil fertility and low fruit yield in typical mango orchards,the effects of organic fertilizer substituting for different quantities of chemical fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties,leaf nutrition,fruit yield and quality of mango orchards were studied in order to provide technical support for scientific and rational application of chemical fertilizer in mango production. The results of field experiments showed that,compared with conventional fertilization,different substitution ratios reduced soil bulk density and increased soil total porosity in different soil layers.The decrease of soil bulk density and increase of total porosity in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer were higher than those in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer. Different substitution ratios increased the pH value and organic matter content in different soil layers.The pH value and organic matter content in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer of T2(30%)and T3(50%) were significantly different from those in control and T1(10%).Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and conventional fertilization decreased,but did not reach significant difference.The contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and exchangeable calcium and magnesium increased compared with control.Among them,in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer,available potassium and exchangeable magnesium of T2(30%)and T3(50%)were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization and T1 treatment.There was no significant difference between T3(50%)and T2(30%).The total nitrogen content of leaves in different substitution ratios decreased slightly,while the other mineral elements content increased,but did not reach significant difference.The yield was increased by different substitution ratios,but the effect on single fruit weight was not significant.The soluble solids,Vc,solid-acid ratio in fruits in each substitution ratio increased.Compared with the control,the titratable acid content of the fruit decreased.Comparing comprehensively,T2(30%)treatment had better effects on improving soil fertility,yield and fruit quality.