不同生物有机肥用量对韭菜产量、品质及养分利用的影响

Effects of different biological fertilizer levels on yield,quality and nutrient utilization of chinese chive

针对蔬菜生产中施用化肥养分单一、供肥不平衡等问题,研究化肥配施不同量生物有机肥对韭菜产量、品质及养分利用的影响,为韭菜生产合理配施生物有机肥提供理论及技术依据。试验采用随机区组设计,设不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(T1)、2 400 kg/hm^2生物有机肥+常规施肥(T2)、3 600 kg/hm^2生物有机肥+常规施肥(T3)、4 800 kg/hm^2生物有机肥+常规施肥(T4)共5个处理。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,配施生物有机肥可显著提高韭菜产量,同时提高了氮、磷、钾肥利用率及其吸收量。与配施2 400 kg/hm^2生物有机肥处理相比,配施3 600、4 800 kg/hm^2生物有机肥处理的韭菜干物质积累量和产量均显著提高,但两者之间产量无显著差异。与常规施肥相比,配施2 400、3 600、4 800 kg/hm^2生物有机肥处理的韭菜产量和经济收益均显著提高,分别提高13.2%、19.2%、19.9%和10.2%、13.1%、10.1%;配施3 600、4 800 kg/hm^2生物有机肥处理均显著提高了韭菜干物质积累量。配施3 600、4 800 kg/hm^2生物有机肥处理较常规施肥均能够显著提高韭菜叶片可溶性糖和维生素C含量,分别提高25.0%、28.0%和7.5%、22.0%,硝酸盐含量分别降低19.4%和25.9%,对可溶性蛋白含量均无显著影响。配施3 600、4 800 kg/hm^2生物有机肥处理的可溶性糖、维生素C含量均显著高于2 400 kg/hm^2生物有机肥处理。各生物有机肥处理氮、磷肥利用率随着生物有机肥用量的增加而提高,钾肥利用率以2 400 kg/hm^2生物有机肥处理最高。在保证韭菜高产的同时,配施3 600 kg/hm^2生物有机肥能够获得最大经济效益,显著改善韭菜的营养品质,提高韭菜干物质积累量及氮、磷、钾肥的利用率。

In view of the problems of the limited nutrient types supply of chemical fertilizer andunbalanced fertilizer application in vegetable production,the effects of different amounts of bio-organic fertilizer on the yield,quality and nutrient utilization of chinese chive were studied to provide the theory and technology for rationally applying bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizers.The experiment adopts randomized block design,and 5 treatments were set up:with no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(T1),2 400 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer + conventional fertilization(T2),3 600 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer + conventional fertilization(T3),4 800 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer + conventional fertilization(T4). The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer application only,the application of combined with bioorganic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of chinese chive,and increased the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and its absorption.Compared with the treatment of 2 400 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer,the dry matter accumulation and yield of chinese chive treated with 3 600 kg/hm^2 and 4 800 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer were significantly increased,but there was no significant difference between them.Compared with conventional fertilization,the yield and economic benefits of chinese chive treated with 2 400 kg/hm^2,3 600 kg/hm^2 and 4 800 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizers were significantly increased,increasing by 13.2%,19.2%,19.9% and 10.2%,13.1%,10.1%,respectively. The bio-organic treatment of 3 600 kg/hm^2 and 4 800 kg/hm^2 significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of Chinese Chive.Compared with conventional fertilization,the application of 3 600 kg/hm^2 and 4 800 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the soluble sugar and vitamin C content of chinese chive,which increased by 25.0%,28.0% and 7.5%,22.0%,and the nitrate content decreased by 19.4% and 25.9%,respectively.Bio-organic fertilizer application had no significant effect on soluble protein content.The soluble sugar and vitamin C content of 3 600 kg/hm^2 and 4 800 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those of the 2 400 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer treatment.The utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased with the increase of the amount of bio-organic fertilizer,and the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer was the highest with 2 400 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer.The application of 3 600 kg/hm^2 bio-organic fertilizer could obtain the maximum economic benefit with high yield,significantly improve the quality of chinese chive,increase the dry matter accumulation and the utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer rate.