基于田口方法的草菇渣堆肥育秧基质配方筛选研究

Study on formula optimization of rice seedling substrate based on straw mushroom residue compost by Taguchi method

为保证草菇渣堆肥为主的水稻育秧基质配方筛选结果的稳定性和准确性,采用变异系数法赋予秧苗指标权重,通过单因素试验与田口方法相结合的方式,客观有效地筛选基质配方。结果表明:壮苗指数可单独作为简单功能组分筛选中机插秧苗长势的有效评价指标,而茎基宽因机插秧秧龄要求较短,其评价能力相对较弱;草菇渣堆肥、速效肥及锌肥的添加对秧苗生长的影响均达到显著水平(P<0.05),而最佳配方仅包括60%(w/w)草菇渣堆肥和1‰(w/w)锌肥;速效肥的添加在育秧前期显著增加基质盐度(P<0.05),后期由于水分淋洗,而无法有效供养;锌肥则兼具调酸和促根生长功能,而使得生根粉作用并不显著(P>0.05);草菇渣堆肥保水能力和育秧水分的严格管理可能是导致保水剂并非配方组分的主要原因;此外,Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数的计算结果(NSE=0.943),证明基质筛选模型的稳定性和准确性。

In order to ensure the stability and accuracy of screening results for rice seedling substrate mostly based on straw mushroom compost,the weights of rice seeding parameters were assigned by the calculation of coefficient of variation,and the substrate formula was objectively and effectively selected through the combination of single-factor experiment and Taguchi method.Results showed that,compared with other parameters,the sound seedling index was the most effective evaluation standard for the rice seeding growth during the dosage screening of simple functional component,while the base stem width was the weakest one during any experiment due to the demand for short cycle of rice seeding growth during mechanized transplanting.Result from Taguchi method,the straw mushroom compost,as well as chemical fertilizer and zinc sulfate,had an significantly impaction on the growth of rice seeding(P<0.05).The optimum formula for rice seeding substrate was simply consist of 60%(w/w)straw mushroom compost and 1‰(w/w)zinc sulfate,the zinc sulfate could be an effectively alternative to the naphthylacetic acid for the reason of acid modulation and the promotion of root growth(P<0.05).The addition of chemical fertilizer could cause the promotion of salinity in substrate during the early growth stage of the rice seedling(P<0.05)and leaching result in nutrient insufficiency during starvation period.On account of good water retention capacity by straw mushroom compost and the strict water management during the rice seeding cultivation,the water-retaining agent was excluded from the formula.In addition,the stability and accuracy of the substrate screening model was verified by the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index(0.943)calculated between the predicted values by Taguchi method and measured values.