家具企业挥发性有机物排放特征及其环境影响

Volatile Organic Compound Emission Characteristics of Furniture Manufacturing Enterprises and the Influence on the Atmospheric Environment

家具制造业是典型的高污染低附加值、工艺相对落后、污染治理水平低和挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放较为严重的行业,是我国VOCs防治的重点行业.本文以典型家具制造企业为研究对象,开展家具制造业VOCs排放特征和环境影响研究,获取了典型企业VOCs排放浓度水平和成分谱,分析了家具制造业VOCs的环境影响.结果表明,封边、底漆、底色、面漆和晾干等车间VOCs浓度范围为9. 18~181. 58 mg·m-3,处理设施出口VOCs浓度为30. 64~155. 94 mg·m-3,处理效率为7. 43%~67. 14%;车间主要VOCs物种为芳香烃、酯类和醛酮类物质;排气筒主要VOCs物种为酯类和芳香烃,其次为烷烃类物质;行业主要VOCs物质为乙酸仲丁酯、甲苯、间-二甲苯、甲缩醛和乙苯等.车间和排气筒VOCs平均臭氧生成潜势(OFP)分别为258. 01 mg·m-3和289. 14 mg·m-3,平均二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAFP)分别为148. 66 mg·m-3和165. 31 mg·m-3,各排放环节中对OFP和SOAFP贡献最大的皆为芳香烃类物质,封边车间的OFP和SOAFP较大,应加强控制.车间边界VOCs中主要恶臭物质为乙酸仲丁酯、间-二甲苯、乙酸丁酯、对-二甲苯、乙苯、1-乙基-3-甲基苯、邻-二甲苯和甲苯,厂界VOCs几乎不产生恶臭污染.建议有针对性地加强芳香烃和酯类物质的控制.

The furniture manufacturing industry is a typical industry with high pollution,low added value,relatively outdated technology and low levels of pollution control.The process of furniture manufacturing uses a large number of paints and adhesives,which emit a great quantity of volatile organic compounds(VOCs).The furniture manufacturing industry is a key industry for the control of VOCs in China.The VOCs emission characteristics and environmental impact of the furniture manufacturing industry has been studied in this work,which could be helpful for the Chinese government when formulating VOCs pollution control policy for this industry.In this study,a typical furniture manufacturing enterprise was chosen as the object.The emission concentration level and source profile of VOCs in a typical enterprise was obtained,and an assessment of the environmental impact of furniture manufacturing was developed.The results showed that the concentration of VOCs in the workshop ranged from 9.18 to 181.58 mg·m-3,the concentration of VOCs in the stack was 30.64-155.94 mg·m-3,and the treatment efficiency was 7.43%-67.14%.The main species of VOCs in the workshop were aromatic hydrocarbons,esters,and aldehydes and ketones;the main species of VOCs in the stack are esters and aromatic hydrocarbons,followed by alkanes,and the main VOCs in the industry are sec-butyl acetate,toluene,m-xylene,methylal and ethylbenzene.The average ozone generation potential(OFP)of workshop and stack VOCs was 258.01 and 289.14 mg·m-3,respectively,and the average secondary organic aerosol generation potential(SOAFP)of workshop and stack VOCs was 148.66 and 165.31 mg·m-3,respectively.The most important contribution to the OFP and SOAFP in each emission sector is aromatic hydrocarbons.The OFP and SOAFP in the edge-sealing workshop are large and the VOCs should be controlled.The main malodorous substances at the shop boundary are sec-butyl acetate,m-xylene,butyl acetate,p-xylene,ethylbenzene,1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene,oxylene,and toluene;the VOCs at the factory boundary produce almost no odor pollution.Targeted enhanced control of aromatic hydrocarbons and esters should be adopted to achieve effective emission reduction of VOCs in furniture manufacturing.