长江南京段水源水中抗生素的赋存特征与风险评估

Occurrence Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Source Water of the Nanjing Reach of the Yangtze River

利用固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱技术(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)分析了长江南京段水源水中抗生素的赋存特征.结果表明,16个采样点累计质量浓度范围为13. 37~780. 5 ng·L-1,平均值为92. 95 ng·L-1,共检出4种磺胺类、3种氟喹诺酮类、1种四环素类、5种大环内酯类和1种氯霉素类抗生素,平均质量浓度为0. 14~49. 91 ng·L-1,其中恩诺沙星(ERX)和克拉霉素(CLR)的检出率为100%,克林霉素(CLI)检出质量浓度最高(739. 44 ng·L-1).与国内部分河流、湖泊相比,长江南京段水体中的抗生素浓度处于较低水平.生态风险评估结果表明,点位S2具有最大的联合风险熵值(0. 31),磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)、强力霉素(DOX)和罗红霉素(ROX)的环境风险熵值具有低等风险水平;9种抗生素对不同年龄段人群的健康风险指数HQ在2. 22×10-6和4. 86×10-3之间,同时CLI和DOX为主要的潜在健康风险因素.

Occurrence characteristics of antibiotics in the source water of the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River were analyzed preliminarily by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS).The results showed that the cumulative concentration of 16 sampling points ranged from 13.37 ng·L-1 to 780.5 ng·L-1,with an average concentration of 92.95 ng·L-1.Four sulfonamides,three fluoroquinolones,one tetracycline,five macrolides,and one chloramphenicol antibiotic were detected with average concentration ranging from 0.14 ng·L-1 to 49.91 ng·L-1,including enrofloxacin(ERX)and clarithromycin(CLR)with the highest detection rate of 100%,and clindamycin(CLI)with the highest concentration of 739.44 ng·L-1.Overall,the concentration levels of antibiotics in the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River were low compared with other rivers and lakes in China.The risk assessment results showed that the largest cumulative risk of S2 was 0.31,and the environmental risk of sulfamethoxazole(SMX),doxycycline(DOX),and roxithromycin(ROX)had lower risk levels;the health risk indexes of nine antibiotics for different age groups were between 2.22×10-6 and 4.86×10-3,while CLI and DOX are the main potential health risk factors for humans.