主体与类主体：人类如何与AI相处？——以波音737MAX坠机事件为例

Human Subjects and Quasi-Human Subjects: How Do Humans Go Along with AI? Reflection on the Accidents of the Boeing 737 MAX Air Crash

AI技术正通过改变人类生存境遇的方式,改变人的日常生活世界并改变人性。应当重视人类如何与AI相处的问题。尽管AI具有智能,拥有自我学习与自主自抉能力,但是由于AI没有意义世界与自由精神,AI不是主体,只是类主体。人类与AI的关系不是主体间关系,而是人与自身创造物及自身生活世界的关系。AI缺失想象力与怀疑批判精神,缺失意义世界,AI的认知、判断、行动选择能力有不可忽视的局限性,人类对AI的信任是有条件信任。人类自身命运的最终选择权不能无条件地交给AI。人类使AI置于自身有效控制之下的努力有可能造成一种新的生存悖论:人类通过极少数专业人员控制AI,这些人有可能通过控制AI而控制人类,人类在努力摆脱一种控制时,有可能陷入另一种新的控制。

The AI technology has been changing human ordinary life and human nature through changing the conditions of human survival.We should pay much attention to the problem of how to deal with or go along with AI.Although AI has its own intelligence as well as capacity of self-studying and autonomously making choices,it is not a human subject.At most,it is a quasi-human subject due to the fact that it has no the meaningful world and freedom spirit of itself.The relationship between Humans and AI is not the intersubjective one,but the one between humans and their artificial creatures or their own living world.AI is short of imagination and critical thinking as well as a meaningful world.There is considerable limitation on its cognition,judgment,and choice-making.Humans’trust on AI cannot be without conditions.Humans cannot give up their right of choices for their future completely to AI without conditions.Humans’attempts to put AI within their own control might create a new paradox for survival:only few human professionals are able to control AI and it is possible for them to control the rest of humankind by controlling AI;and thus when humans try to get rid of one predicament of being controlled,they might fall into another new predicament of being controlled.