时空观重塑视野中的贺麟“新心学”

He Lin’s New Idealism from the Reconstruction Perspective of View of Time and Space

贺麟是现代新儒家“新心学”的代表人物。他在一篇长文中相对系统地探讨了“新心学”与时空、超时空的关系。时空是主体的认识功能或理性原则,运用时空去统摄杂多质料的独特潜能并非外铄而在心之内,显出理在心中。人类的认识和实践领域限制在具体时空之间,但是世间万物的本性并不由具体时空决定,而是由普遍的超时空来决定。人性由理所规定,理是心的本性。理以超时空的逻辑形式存在。贺麟以道德的理想主义范导西方的理性形式,使得心中有理。贺麟认为理在心中,心中有理,从而得出心与理一的结论。不过,前者的理是理性形式,而后者的理是理想主义。直觉法具有辩证性,辩证法具有直观性,中国哲学推崇的直觉能够实现理想主义与理性形式“合为一体”的境界。经过以上繁复论证,贺麟大致实现了“新心学”——心、性、理在本体论上的贯通。

He Lin is the representative figure of the“new idealism”in Contemporary Neo-Confucianism.In a long article,he relatively systematically discusses the relationship between“new idealism”and the view of time and space.Time and space are the cognitive function or rational principle of the subject.The unique potential of using time and space to subsuming miscellaneous materials is not extraneous but in the mind,showing reason in mind.The field of human knowledge and practice is limited to specific time and space,while the nature of everything in the world is not determined by specific time and space,but universal transcendental space-time.Human nature is governed by reason,and reason is the nature of mind.Reason exists in the logical form of transcendental space-time.He Lin guides the western rational form with the moral idealism and makes reason within mind.He Lin thinks that reason is in mind and mind has reason.He draws the conclusion that mind and reason is one thing.However,the former principle is a rational form,and the latter principle is idealism.The intuitive method is dialectical and the dialectics is intuitive.The intuition advocated by Chinese philosophy can realize the“unity”of idealism and reason.After the above complicated argumentation,He Lin roughly realizes the“new idealism”—the unity of mind,nature and reason in ontology.