从汕头到上海:国民政府的“废两改元”之路(1925—1933)

From Shantou to Shanghai:The Historical Process of the National Government’s Abolishing the Tales of Silver and Unifying the Currency System by Silver Dollar,1925-1933

1925年东征军在汕头首先强力实施“废两改元”,国民政府随后经过1927—1929年汉口、福州、青岛等地的实践,积累了相应经验,直至1933年历时近十年方告功成。在这一过程中,汕头先行废两改元成为后来主张者的有力佐证,也成为后来改革者的范本。废两改元是近代经济发展对市场统一、金融统一的需求,也是近代社会对结束地方割据、实现国家统一的内在诉求。但实质上它是国民党在建构统一的国家权力过程中与地方势力之争,废两改元的成功与否取决于国民政府的政治控制力与财政实力。

In 1925,KMT succeeded in Abolishing the tales of silver and unifying the currency system by silver dollar in Shantou.Then,the National Government accumulated corresponding experience,following the practice in Hankou,Fuzhou and Qingdao from 1927 to 1929.It took nearly ten years for the National Government to achieve complete success in Shanghai until 1933.During this process,Shantou as a pioneer became a strong evidence for later advocates and a model for later reformers.Abolishing the tales of silver is the demand of modern economic development for the unification of market and finance,as well as the inherent demand of modern society for the end of local separatism and the realization of national unity.But in essence,it is a struggle between the KMT and local forces in the process of building a unified state power.Its results depend on the political control and financial strength of the National Government authorities.