基于实测站点的区域森林水源涵养量空间化方法综述

Spatial Simulation Methods of Regional Forest Water Conservation Based on Observed Data: A Review

在全球气候变暖、人口增加和淡水资源紧张等多重压力下,水资源存储和保护至关重要,森林水源涵养是对降雨的截留、存储和调控,是调节气候、存储水资源的重要过程。已有的大尺度水源涵养量研究多是基于水文或遥感模型估算,缺乏基于站点实测数据的大尺度区域水源涵养量空间化方法的系统研究。该研究提出了基于实测站点的大尺度区域森林水源涵养量空间化框架,总结了林冠层、枯落物层、土壤层和森林水源涵养量的影响因子及其影响方式;在此基础上,综述了结合影响因子的站点空间化方法,总结了森林水源涵养量空间化存在的问题;最后,指出了站点空间化过程中辅助变量选择、分区分模型空间化、森林水源涵养量动态变化等方面的未来研究方向。

Due to global climatic change,increase in population,and scare of fresh water,forest water conservation play an important roles in interception,storage and redistribution of precipitation.Large-scale spatial estimations of forest water conservation have been mostly studied by using hydrology or remote sensing models,but there is a lack of spatial estimation of forest water conservation at a large scale based on observed data.This paper proposed the framework of the spatial prediction for forest water conservation at a large scale based on observed data at sites,and then investigated the factors affecting canopy interception,litter water-holding,soil storage and forest water conservation.Further,the methods of spatial simulation based on observed data were introduced,including regression model,machine learning and geostatistical methods and the combination of multiple methods.In addition,the problems,including method for measuring forest water conservation and the process of spatial simulation for forest water conservation based on observed data,were summarized.Finally,the future research orientation of forest water conservation in a large-scale region has been presented on the bases of observed data at three aspects,including selection of auxiliary variables,spatialization of different regions with different models and spatial analysis of dynamic forest water conservation in a large-scale region.