基于实践论的生态旅游在自然保护区实践偏差研究

Deviation of Ecotourism Practice in Nature Reserves Based on Practice Theory

自然保护区是生态旅游最主要的实践基地,生态旅游在自然保护区实践中普遍存在5种偏差:人们对生态旅游的理解和认识偏差;生态旅游在自然保护区开发建设的偏差;生态旅游对自然保护区及其周边造成环境、社会与经济3方面的负面影响;生态旅游在自然保护区实践管理方面的偏差;社区参与方面的偏差。其主要原因是缺乏有效管理,环境保护不力,当地社区参与不充分。从《实践论》的角度对生态旅游在自然保护区实践偏差的种类、原因及研究不足展开研究,指出对自然保护区生态旅游实践活动进行深入研究,揭示清晰的理论原则,构建有效的指标体系,并补充和完善生态旅游的理论体系。提出中国未来治理生态旅游在自然保护区实践偏差的对策:明确问题,找到根源,治理乱象,与生态文明建设相融合。

The nature reserve is the main practice base of ecotourism.There are five kinds of deviation in the practice of ecotourism:people′s understanding of ecotourism,development and construction of ecotourism,ecotourism′s negative impact on the environment,society and economy of the nature reserve and its surrounding areas,management of ecotourism and community participation.The main reasons for the deviation of ecotourism in the nature reserve includes lack of effective management,poor environmental protection and inadequate participation of local communities.From the perspective of Practice Theory,this paper studied the types,causes and deficiencies of ecotourism practice deviation in nature reserves,pointed out that the in-depth study of ecotourism activities in nature reserves would reveal clear theoretical principles,build the effective indicator system,and improve the theoretical system of ecotourism,as well as put forward the countermeasures to deal with the deviation of ecotourism practice in the future,including clearing the problems,finding the root causes,controlling the chaos,and integrating with the construction of ecological civilization.