2012—2017年新疆某医院儿童损伤中毒及外因分析

Analysis of injury and poisoning of children in a hospital in Xinjiang from 2012 to 2017

目的回顾性分析2012—2017年主要诊断为损伤、中毒的儿童疾病分布情况,了解损伤、中毒的主要原因,为预防儿童损伤、中毒的发生提供参考依据。方法按照《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类》要求,利用医院病案系统调取主要诊断编码范围为S00~T97住院患儿全部病案,采用Excel进行数据整理分类,用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果共检索出108408份病案,其中主要诊断为损伤、中毒的病例3124例,占同期出院人数的2.9%。按损伤、中毒发生部位分析,排在前5位的分别是通过自然腔口进入异物的效应、头部损伤、烧伤和腐蚀伤、肩和上臂损伤、(腹部、下背、腰椎和骨盆损伤),分别占49.4%、24.1%、3.3%、2.8%、2.8%;依据损伤、中毒发生的外部原因分析,排在前5位的分别为(窒息、对呼吸的意外威胁)、跌倒、异物进入眼或自然腔口、运输事故、暴露于其他或未特指的因素下,分别占42.22%、24.78%、8.26%、7.68%、4.48%。损伤、中毒患者中共有11例死亡,病死率3.52‰。结论0~3岁是儿童发生意外的高峰期,应采取多种安全防护措施,家长要做好陪同和监护,保证儿童安全。

Objective To analyze retrospectively the disease distribution characteristics of children with injury and poisoning in a hospital from 2012 to 2017,to understand the main causes of injury and poisoning,and to provide a reference for the occurrence of injury and poisoning of children.Methods According to the ICD-10,the hospital record system was used to withdraw all the data of children coded from S00 to T97,the Excel was used for classification,and SPSS was applied to processing the data.Results Totally 108408 copies of the medical records were retrieved,in which 3124 cases were mainly diagnosed as injury and poisoning,accounting for 2.9%of the total number of discharged patients.According to the site of injury and poisoning,the top five were the effect food or object entering the natural cavity,head injury,burns and corrosion injury,shoulder and arm injury,abdomen and lower back and lumbar and pelvis injury,accounting for 49.4%,24.1%,3.3%,2.8%,and 2.8%respectively.The top five external causes of injuries were choking and the threat of breathing,falling down,food or object entering the natural cavity,traffic accident,the exposure to other or unspecified factors,accounting for 42.22%,24.78%,8.26%,7.68%,4.48%respectively.There were 11 death cases in the total cases of injury and poisoning,with the fatality rate 3.52‰.Conclusion The peak of injury and poisoning is from 0 year old to 3 years old,so many kinds of safety measures should be taken and patients should perform their duty of company and guardianship,to ensure the safety of children.