内蒙古牧区蒙古族2型糖尿病肠道菌群基因学研究

Genetic study on the gut microbiota of Mongolian type 2 diabetes in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia

目的研究选择生活环境及生活习惯与汉族明显不同的牧区的蒙古族2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者为研究对象,与蒙古族健康人群进行对照,使用16s高通量测序的方法研究蒙古族2型糖尿病与肠道菌群失衡的关系,有可能成为未来预防与治疗蒙古族2型糖尿病的新靶点。方法共纳入蒙古族T2DM组16例和蒙古族健康对照组10例。提取粪便宏基因组DNA,扩増其16SrRNA全长片段,并使用第二代测序法(Illumina HiSeq 2500)进行测序,最后通过生物信息学分析明确其肠道菌群的结构特征。结果两组肠道菌群组成及比例有显著差异,并且各有不同的优势菌群。在科水平,蒙古族T2DM组的Prevotellaceae、Veillonellaceae、Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group的丰度均低于蒙古族健康对照组(P<0.05)。在属水平,蒙古族T2DM组的Aggregatibacter、Alloprevotella、Peptoclostridium、Acinetobacter的丰度均高于蒙古族健康对照组(P<0.05);蒙古族T2DM组Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、Ruminococcaceae_V9D2013_group的丰度均低于蒙古族健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论蒙古族T2DM组与蒙古族健康对照组的肠道菌群丰度无显著差异;蒙古族T2DM组肠道菌群中,与糖尿病有一定相关性的条件致病菌增多,有益的菌种减少,可能是其患糖尿病的病因之一。

Objective To study the relationship between Mongolian type 2 diabetes mellitus and gut microbiota imbalance, and to find potential new targets for the future prevention and treatment of Mongolian type 2 diabetes. Methods Mongolian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) in pastoral areas whose living environment and living habits were significantly different from those of the Han nationality were selected as the research subjects, and Mongolian healthy people were selected as the control group. The 16 s high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze DNA. A total of 26 subjects were included in the study(16 in the Mongolian T2 DM group and 10 in the Mongolian healthy control group). Fecal genomic DNA was extracted, and the full-length fragment of 16 SrRNA was amplified, followed by sequencing using the second-generation sequencing method(Illumina HiSeq 2 500). The structural characteristics of intestinal flora were determined by bioinformatics analysis. Results There were no significant differences in Operational Taxonomic Units(OTU), Chao1, ACE, Shannon, Simpson and other indexes of response abundance and diversity between Mongolian T2 DM patients and the Mongolian healthy control group(P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in the composition and proportion of intestinal flora between the two groups, and each group had different dominant flora. At the family level, the abundances of Prevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae and Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group in the T2 DM group were all lower than those in the healthy control group(P<0.05). At the genus level, the abundances of Aggregatibacter, Alloprevotella, Peptoclostridium and Acinetobacter in the Mongolian T2 DM group were higher than those in the healthy control group(P<0.05). The abundances of Lachnospiraceae_NK4 A136_group,and Ruminococcaceae_V9 D2013_group in the T2 DM group were lower than those in the healthy control group(P<0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference in the gut microbiota abundance between the Mongolian T2 DM group and the Mongolian healthy control group. In the Mongolian T2 DM group, the number of conditional pathogenic bacteria associated with diabetes was increased, and the number of beneficial bacteria was reduced, which may be one of the factors contributing to the development of Mongolian type 2 diabetes.