2018年北京市西城区5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻监测分析

Surveillance of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Xicheng District, Beijing, 2018

目的了解北京市西城区5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的流行病学特征,为开展病毒性腹泻防控和疫苗研发提供数据基础。方法采集2018年1~12月北京市西城区哨点医院≤60月龄病毒性腹泻患儿的粪便标本,用实时荧光PCR对诺如病毒、轮状病毒、肠道腺病毒、星状病毒、札如病毒进行检测。结果共收集181份粪便标本,诺如病毒感染率16.02%,轮状病毒感染率14.36%,肠道腺病毒感染率6.08%,星状病毒感染率3.31%,札如病毒感染率2.21%。诺如病毒和轮状病毒发病高峰为冬春季,其他病毒感染无明显季节特征。诺如病毒、轮状病毒和肠道腺病毒发病年龄主要集中在24~36月龄,星状病毒发病年龄主要集中在37~60月龄。结论北京市西城区的优势病原为诺如病毒和轮状病毒;冬春季为感染高峰;3岁以下儿童是病毒性腹泻易感人群;诺如病毒以GII型为主。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Xicheng District, Beijing, and to provide a data basis for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea and vaccine development. Methods The fecal specimens of children younger than 60 months of age with viral diarrhea from January to December 2018 in a sentinel hospital in Xicheng District were collected. Noroviruses, rotavirus, intestinal adenoviruses, astrovirus and Sapovirus were detected by real-time fluorescent PCR. Results A total of 181 fecal specimens were collected. The norovirus infection rate was 16.02%, the rotavirus infection rate was 14.36%, the intestinal adenoviral infection rate was 6.08%, the astrovirus infection rate was 3.31%, and the Sapovirus infection rate was 2.21%. The incidence of norovirus and rotavirus was the highest in winter and spring, while there was no obvious seasonal characteristic of other virus infections. The age of onset of norovirus, rotavirus and intestinal adenovirus infections was mainly concentrated in 24-36 months, and the age of astrovirus infection was mainly concentrated in 37-60 months. Conclusion The dominant pathogens in Xicheng District of Beijing were norovirus and rotavirus, and the infection peak occurred in winter and spring. Norovirus was mainly genogroup GII. The children under 3 years of age were susceptible to viral diarrhea.