建筑施工高处坠落事故组织行为原因分析研究

Study on Causes Analysis of Organization Behavior for Falling Accident in Construction

为了明确建筑施工高处坠落事故中组织行为原因,依据事故致因“2-4”模型对107起高处坠落事故进行统计分析。以单位为统计指标,获得了建设单位、施工单位、劳务分包单位、监理单位、监管单位的不安全行为的次数和发生率。统计分析得出建设单位不安全行为11类32个,其中组织机构不健全或不协调、未履行好安全监管责任和违规发包发生率位列前三位;得出施工单位不安全行为8大类23小类333个,其中未进行安全生产教育培训或培训不到位发生率最高;得出劳务单位不安全行为10类62个,其中未进行安全生产教育培训或培训不到位、未能及时发现并消除安全隐患和不具备相应资质发生率位列前三;得出监理单位不安全行为10类48个,其中对存在的安全隐患及违规行为未能及时发现和督促整改发生率最高;得出监管单位不安全行为4类7个。同时,根据各单位不安全行为发生规律,提出了建筑施工高处坠落事故组织层面管理缺陷预防建议。

In order to identify the cause of organization behavior in the falling accident of construction,107 falling accidents are analyzed statistically according to the accident causation“2-4”mode.Regarding unit as the statistical index,the number and incidence of unsafe behaviors of development organization,construction unit,labor unit,supervision unit,and regulatory unit are obtained.The statistical analysis shows that there are 11,10,10,4 types and 32,333,62,48,7 unsafe behaviors in the development organizations,labor service units,supervision units and regulatory units respectively,while construction units exist 8 big categories and 23 small categories of unsafe behaviors.Among which the top three are the incidence of incomplete or uncoordinated organizational structure,failure to fulfill the responsibility of safety supervision and illegal contracting in development organization.The unsafe behaviors of the highest incidence is the failure of safety education and training in construction unit.The failure of safety education and training,failure to detect and eliminate safety risks in time and lack of corresponding qualifications ranked the top three in labor unit.The highest rate is the failure to discover and urge rectification in time for hidden dangers and violations in supervision unit.At the same time,according to the law of the unsafe behaviors of each unit,the prevention suggestions are put forward for management defects of organization level in the falling accidents of construction.