长白玉的宝石学特征研究

Study on Gemological Characteristics of Changbai Jade

本文利用宝石学常规仪器、扫描电镜、能谱仪,测试了长白玉的折射率、密度、硬度、透明度、光泽,分析了长白玉的微观结构、化学成分组成。本文认为长白玉主要由高岭石族矿物组成,隐晶质结构,高倍显微镜下呈现假六方片状;长白玉的折射率范围为1.56-1.57,密度为2.52-2.81,硬度为2.5-2.7,冻石多为半透明,彩石多为微透明,具有油脂、土状、蜡状光泽;长白玉颜色丰富,结构细腻温润,硬度适中,是一种优良的印章石,适合雕刻与开发推广。

In this paper,the refractive index,density,hardness,transparency and luster of Changbai jade were measured by gemological conventional instruments,scanning electron microscope and energy disperse spectroscopy,and the microstructure and chemical composition of Changbai jade were analyzed.It is considered that Changbai jade is mainly composed of kaolinite minerals,with cryptocrystalline texture and pseudohexagonal sheet is present under high magnification;the Changbai jade’s refractive index range is 1.56~1.57,density is 2.52~2.81,hardness is 2.5~2.7,and the steatite stone is mostly translucent,the colored stone is more transparent,with the gloss of grease,earth and wax;Changbai jade is rich in color,mild and moist in structure and moderate in hardness.It is an excellent seal stone,which is suitable for carving,development and promotion.