我国涉外收养关系成立实质要件法律适用规范的重构

The Reconstruction of the Applicable Law Concerning the Substantial Requirements for Establishment of the Foreign Related to Adoption in China

我国的涉外收养从无到有、从小到大,伴随着改革开放的步伐不断发展。在立法与司法行政部门的共同努力下,尽管初步构建了规范涉外收养的实体法、程序法和冲突法的有机法律体系,但该制度依然不够完善且存在诸多缺失。特别是关于涉外收养关系成立的实质要件法律适用规则,还有不少立法盲点。当今国际社会的通行做法有主张涉外收养关系成立的实质要件适用被收养人或收养人属人法抑或重叠适用收养人与被收养人属人法的,还有坚持涉外收养关系成立的实质要件应适用法院地法或收养成立地法的,甚至有采取折衷主义或倡导适用与被收养儿童权益相关的最密切联系原则的。在我国民法典呼之欲出的当下,有必要深入检讨和反思涉外收养关系成立的实质要件法律适用规则,革除旧弊,优化机制,努力消除“跛足收养”,全方位维护和促进我国涉外收养健康、有序、规范发展。

Owing to the influence of the reform and opening-up policy,there is an unprecedented development of the foreign related adoption in China.Under the joint efforts of the legislative and judicial and administrative departments,the organic legal system inclunding the substantive law,the procedural law and the conflicts law regulating foreign adoption has been initially constructed.However there is a lot of blank spots in Chinese legislation on the applicable rule for the substantive requirements of the establishment in the foreign-related adoption.Nowadays,several dominant propositions are prevalent in international community.Some hold that the substantive requirements of the foreign related adoption shall be governed by lex personalis of the adopter or that of the adoptee,or lex personalis of the adopter and adoptee.Some maintain that the substantive requirements of the foreign related adoption shall be governed by lex fori or the law of the place where the adoptive relationship is established.The others even advocate Eclecticism claiming that the substantive requirements of the foreign related adoption shall be governed by the principle of the closest connection related to the adopted child s welfare.In China,while the Civil Code is appealed for theoretically and practically,it is necessary to consider the new characteristics of international floating population,particularly to analyze and study the tropism of the Chinese legislation about the applicable law in the substantive requirements of the foreign related adoption.In order to reduce or remove limping adoption,we should attempt to reconstruct new rules for the substantive requirements of the foreign-related adoption and promote the orderly development of the adoption concerning foreign countries in China.