人工智能时代的技术发展与就业挑战：基于失业风险恐惧的探索

Technological Development and Employment Challenges in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Research Based on the Fear of Unemployment Risk

[目的/意义]人工智能在生产和服务领域逐渐广泛的应用给就业带来前所未有的冲击。失业问题给政治、经济、社会和个人发展带来巨大阻力,担心失去工作和担忧难以再就业是公众失业风险感知最直观的呈现,形成不同程度的失业恐惧。分析人工智能技术对就业的冲击,分析公众的失业风险感知,以及人工智能技术对失业恐惧的影响,能够给人工智能失业问题的治理和应对提供有益启示。[方法/过程]在文献梳理、历史回溯和理论分析的基础上,结合CGSS2015调查数据选取样本分析公众的失业感知情况。[结果/结论]结果显示接近一半的人群有不同程度的失业恐惧,在学历分布和年龄分布上有显著的特点,并在人工智能应用的影响下有加剧的可能性。为有效应对人工智能等新技术应用可能导致的失业问题和失业恐惧,需要制定和实施相关举措,加强人工智能的社会治理,充分促进“善智”发展,加强社会的调适,提高应对失业风险的韧性,有效推进技术赋能,提高公众就业能力。

[Purpose/significance]The widespread application of artificial intelligence in production and service has brought unprecedented impact to employment.The unemployment problem has brought great resistance to political,economic,social and personal development.Worrying about losing their jobs and difficultyin re-employment are the most intuitive representation of public’scognitionof unemployment risk,which forming different degreesof the fear of unemployment.It can provide useful enlightenment for the governance and responses of artificial intelligence unemployment to analyze the influences of artificial intelligence technology on employment,the public’scognition of unemployment risk,and the influences on the fear of unemployment.[Method/process]On the basis of literature,history retrieval,and theoretical analysis,the paper selects samples from CGSS2015 survey data andanalyzes the public’s cognition of unemploymentrisk.[Result/conclusion]The results show that nearly half of the population have different degreesof unemployment fear,there aresignificant characteristics in the distribution of education and age,and an increasing possibility of unemployment fear under the influences of artificial intelligenceapplication.In order to effectively cope with the unemployment problem and the fear of unemployment that might be caused by new technologies such as artificial intelligence,it isnecessary to formulate and implement relevant measures,such as to strengthen the social governance of artificial intelligence,to fully promote the development of“good intelligence”,to strengthen social adjustment,to improve the resilience of unemployment risk,to effectively promote technological empowerment,and to improve public employment capacity.