元代社会思想解放的三个表征

Three Manifestations of Social Ideological Emancipation in the Yuan Dynasty

元代社会的思想解放表现为:首先,以许衡、刘因为代表的元代理学家肯定和赞扬个体存在价值和意义,提倡任何人都可以通过后天的努力改变个体命运。其次,元代汉族文人对南宋理学、科举制度及文学艺术进行的批判性反思显现出深刻性,并且这种反思直接影响了元代社会思想及文化秩序的时代重建。再次,元代自上层皇室至中层文士再到底层民众皆关注当下生活,敢于直接表达个人生活感受及思想情感,并追求文学艺术的娱乐主义。

The ideological emancipation of the society in the Yuan dynasty was manifested in three aspects. First of all, the Neo-Confucianists represented by Xu Heng and Liu Yin affirmed and praised the value and significance of individual existence and advocated that anyone could change individual destiny through their own efforts. Secondly, the critical reflections of the Han literati in the Yuan dynasty on the Neo-Confucianism, the imperial examination system and literature and art in the southern Song dynasty were profound and directly affected the reconstruction of the social thought and cultural order in the Yuan dynasty. Thirdly, in the Yuan dynasty, from the upper royal family to the middle class scribes to the lower class people, they all enjoyed the current life, dared to directly express their personal feelings and thoughts, and pursued the entertainment of literature and art.