胆汁酸及其受体与中枢神经系统疾病

Bile Acids and Their Receptors are Associated with Central Nervous System Diseases

胆汁酸不仅促进脂类吸收,还参与调节机体的糖脂代谢和能量平衡。胆汁酸受体在多种组织和细胞中表达,包括中枢神经元、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞,并具有抗炎和抗凋亡的作用。目前已发现,胆汁酸可以通过其受体直接或间接作用于大脑。胆汁酸及其受体除了在糖尿病、肥胖和肝胆疾病等代谢性疾病中发挥重要作用外还参与了一些其他疾病过程,如炎症导致的中枢神经系统疾病、肝性脑病和肌萎缩侧索硬化症等。然而,胆汁酸及其受体在中枢神经系统中的作用研究才刚刚起步,还有许多科学问题亟待探究。该文综述了胆汁酸的生物合成和调节、受体分类和特点、受体激动剂和信号转导以及在中枢神经系统疾病中的最新发现。

Bile acids not only promote lipid absorption,but also regulate the body’s glycolipid metabolism and energy balance.Bile acid receptors are expressed in a variety of tissues and cells,including central neurons,microglia,and astrocytes,and have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects.It has now been found that bile acids can act directly on the brain through their receptors.Bile acids and their receptors play an important role in metabolic diseases including diabetes,obesity,hepatobiliary diseases and other diseases,such as central nervous system diseases caused by inflammation,hepatic encephalopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.However,the study on the role of bile acids and their receptors in central nervous system has just started,and there are still many problems to be explored.This article reviews the biosynthesis and regulation of bile acids,receptor classification and characteristics,receptor agonists,signal transduction,and recent discoveries in central nervous system diseases.